Editing Phillip Allen Sharp (section)

{{short description|American geneticist and molecular biologist}}
{{About|the American geneticist|other people|Philip Sharp (disambiguation){{!}}Philip Sharp}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Phillip Allen Sharp
| image             = Phillip Sharp HD2007 with Winthrop Sears Medal.jpg
| caption           = Sharp with the [[Winthrop-Sears Medal]] in 2007
| birth_date        = {{birth date and age|1944|6|6}}
| birth_place       = [[Falmouth, Kentucky]], U.S.
| death_date        = 
| death_place       = 
| field             = [[Biologist]]
| education         = {{Plainlist|
* [[Union College (Kentucky)|Union College, Kentucky]] ([[B. A.|BA]])
* [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]] ([[PhD]])}}
| work_institution  = {{Plainlist|
* [[Caltech]]
* [[Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory]]
* [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]}}
| doctoral_advisor  = 
| doctoral_students = {{Plainlist|
* [[Constance Cepko|Connie Cepko]]
* [[Andrew Fire]] 
* [[Melissa J. Moore]]
* [[Richard Carthew]]}}
| prizes            = {{Plainlist|
* [[NAS Award in Molecular Biology]] (1980)
* [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] (1988)<ref>[http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/horwitz/ The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]</ref>
* [[Dickson Prize]] (1991)
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] (1993)
* [[Novartis-Drew Award]] (2003)
* [[National Medal of Science]] (2004)}}
| societies         = 
| spouse            = {{Marriage|Ann Holcombe|1964}}
| children          = 3
| footnotes         = 
| website           = {{URL|http://web.mit.edu/sharplab}}
}}

{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage= [[File:DNA exons introns.gif|210px]] | video1 = Meet Phillip Sharp: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_4dj7QXgrY#t=15  "What we were able to discover was that in human cells and in many other cells of higher-order organisms, the genes come in discontinuous segments"], [[MIT]]}}

'''Phillip Allen Sharp''' (born June 6, 1944) is an American [[geneticist]] and [[Molecular biology|molecular biologist]] who co-discovered [[RNA splicing]]. He shared the 1993 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] with [[Richard J. Roberts]] for "the discovery that [[gene]]s in [[eukaryote]]s are not contiguous strings but contain [[intron]]s, and that the splicing of [[messenger RNA]] to delete those introns can occur in different ways, yielding different [[protein]]s from the same DNA sequence".<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/|title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993|access-date = November 12, 2014|website = Nobelprize.org|publisher = Nobel Media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
 | pmid = 22586619
| year = 2011
| last1 = Sharp
| first1 = P
| title = Q&A: Phillip Sharp on biomedical convergence
| journal = Cancer Discovery
| volume = 1
| issue = 5
| pages = 370
| doi = 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-ND11-08
| doi-access = free
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
 | pmid = 20590673
| year = 2010
| last1 = Musgrave
| first1 = E
| title = Advancing science across the disciplines: An interview with Nobel Laureate Phillip A. Sharp, PhD
| journal = Clinical and Translational Science
| volume = 3
| issue = 3
| pages = 69–70
| doi = 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2010.00197.x
| pmc = 5350715
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
 | pmid = 15676292
| year = 2005
| last1 = Sharp
| first1 = P. A.
| last2 = Sharp
| first2 = P
| title = Phillip Sharp discusses RNAi, Nobel Prizes and entrepreneurial science
| journal = Drug Discovery Today
| volume = 10
| issue = 1
| pages = 7–10
| doi = 10.1016/S1359-6446(04)03329-X
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
 | pmid = 15182083
| year = 2004
| last1 = Shampo
| first1 = M. A.
| title = Phillip Sharp--Nobel Prize for discovery of "split genes"
| journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings
| volume = 79
| issue = 6
| pages = 727
| last2 = Kyle
| first2 = R. A.
 | doi=10.1016/s0025-6196(11)62621-9
| doi-access = free
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
 | pmid = 10885388
| year = 2000
| last1 = Raju
| first1 = T. N.
| title = The Nobel chronicles. 1993: Richard John Roberts (b 1943) Phillip a Sharp (b 1944)
| journal = Lancet
| volume = 355
| issue = 9220
| pages = 2085
 | doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(05)73547-9
| s2cid = 53265935
}}</ref> He has been selected to receive the 2015 [[Othmer Gold Medal]].<ref name=Othmer2015>{{cite web|title=Othmer Gold Medal|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/othmer-gold-medal|website=[[Science History Institute]]|access-date=February 4, 2015}}</ref>

Sharp's current research focuses on small RNAs and other types of [[non-coding RNAs]]. His laboratory works to identify the target [[mRNAs]] of [[microRNAs]] (miRNAs), and has discovered a class of miRNAs that are produced from sequences adjacent to [[transcription (genetics)|transcription]] start sites. His laboratory also studies how miRNA [[Regulation of gene expression|gene regulation]] functions in [[angiogenesis]] and cellular stress.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1993/sharp-autobio.html Autobiography] at the Nobel site</ref><ref>[http://web.mit.edu/biology/www/facultyareas/facresearch/sharp.html Sharp's Research at MIT] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206035817/http://web.mit.edu/biology/www/facultyareas/facresearch/sharp.html |date=December 6, 2006 }}</ref><ref name=OralHistoryCHF>{{cite book|first1= Arnold |last1=Thackray|first2= David C. |last2=Brock|first3= Mona|last3= Ashiya |title=Phillip A. Sharp, Transcript of Interviews Conducted by Arnold Thackray, David C. Brock, and Mona Ashiya at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts on 28 January, 29 May, and 20 November 2003 |date=November 20, 2003 |url=https://oh.sciencehistory.org/sites/default/files/sharp_pa_0268_suppl.pdf|place=Philadelphia, PA|publisher=[[Chemical Heritage Foundation]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ki.mit.edu/people/faculty/sharp|title=The Koch Institute: Phillip A. Sharp|website=ki.mit.edu|access-date=February 11, 2020}}</ref>