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Phobos 1
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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} {{short description|Soviet mars probe}} {{italic title}} {{Infobox spaceflight | name = ''Phobos 1'' | names_list = <!--list of previous names if the spacecraft has been renamed. Include the dates applicable if possible, and separate each name with a linebreak. Omit if the spacecraft has only ever been known by one name. Do not include Harvard, COSPAR/NSSDC or SATCAT/NORAD/NASA designations as alternative names--> <!--image of the spacecraft/mission--> | image = [[File:Phobos Marte.jpg|300px]] | image_caption = Illustration of the ''Phobos 1'' spacecraft | image_alt = <!--image alt text--> | image_size = <!--include px/em; defaults to 220px--> <!--Basic details--> | mission_type = <!--eg. Technology, Reconnaissance, ISS assembly, etc--> | operator = [[Russian Space Research Institute|IKI]] | Harvard_designation = <!--spacecraft launched 1962 and earlier only (eg. 1957 Alpha 2)--> | COSPAR_ID = 1988-058A | SATCAT = 19281 | website = [http://www.iki.rssi.ru/IPL/phobos.html Phobos Mission] | mission_duration = <!--How long the mission lasted--> | distance_travelled = <!--How far the spacecraft travelled (if known)--> | orbits_completed = <!--number of times the spacecraft orbited the Earth β see below for spacecraft beyond Earth orbit--> | suborbital_range = <!--downrange distance reached if spacecraft did not enter orbit--> | suborbital_apogee = <!--altitude reached if spacecraft did not enter orbit--> <!--Spacecraft properties--> | spacecraft = <!--Spacecraft name/serial number (eg. Space Shuttle ''Discovery'', Apollo CM-118), etc--> | spacecraft_type = <!--eg. GPS Block II, Kobalt-M, US-K, etc--> | spacecraft_bus = <!--eg. A2100M, Star-2, etc--> | manufacturer = <!--company or companies who built the satellite--> | launch_mass = {{convert|6220|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | BOL_mass = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit at beginning of operational life, after LEOP phase--> | landing_mass = <!--Mass after landing (recovered spacecraft only)--> | dry_mass = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit without fuel--> | payload_mass = <!--Mass of cargo carried by spacecraft (eg. for Space Shuttle), or total mass of instrumentation/equipment/experiments for mission--> | dimensions = <!--body dimensions and solar array span--> | power = <!--end-of-life power, in watts--> <!--Launch details--> | launch_date = {{start date|1988|07|07|17|38|04|7=Z|df=y}} | launch_rocket = [[Proton rocket|Proton-K]] 8K82K/D-1 | launch_site = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 200|Site 200/40]] | launch_contractor = <!--organisation(s) that conducted the launch (eg. United Launch Alliance, Arianespace, etc)--> | deployment_from = <!--place where deployed from--> | deployment_date = <!--date deployed--> | entered_service = <!--date on which the spacecraft entered service, if it did not do so immediately after launch--> <!-- * - e.g. Proton-M/Briz-M not Proton-M, but Titan IV(401)A not Titan IV(401)A-Centaur--> <!--end of mission--> | disposal_type = <!--Whether the spacecraft was deorbited, decommissioned, placed in a graveyard orbit, etc--> | deactivated = <!--when craft was decommissioned--> | destroyed = <!--when craft was destroyed (if other than by re-entry)--> | last_contact = <!--when last signal received if not decommissioned--> | recovery_by = <!--recovered by--> | recovery_date = <!--recovery date--> | decay_date = <!--when craft re-entered the atmosphere, not needed if it landed--> | landing_date = <!--when the spacecraft made a controlled landing, not needed if it did not return intact--> | landing_site = <!--where the craft landed; site/runway or coordinates--> <!-- The following template should be used for ONE of the three above fields "end_of_mission", "decay" or "landing" if the spacecraft is no longer operational. If it landed intact, use it for the landing time, otherwise for the date it ceased operations, or the decay date if it was still operational when it re-entered. {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD|hh|mm|ss|TZ=Z}} (for Zulu/UTC) or {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD}} (if time unknown) --> <!--orbit parameters--> <!--as science-related articles, SI units should be the principal units of measurement, however we usually use {{convert}} to display imperial units in parentheses after the initial values--> | orbit_reference = [[Areocentric orbit|Areocentric]] | orbit_regime = <!--high, low, medium, molniya, GSO β please link (e.g. [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]] β please don't use acronyms--> | orbit_longitude = <!--geosynchronous satellites only--> | orbit_slot = <!--Designation of orbital position or slot, if not longitude (e.g plane and position of a GPS satellite)--> | orbit_semimajor = <!--semimajor axis--> | orbit_eccentricity = <!--orbital eccentricity--> | orbit_periapsis = <!--periapsis altitude--> | orbit_apoapsis = <!--apoapsis altitude--> | orbit_inclination = <!--orbital inclination--> | orbit_period = <!--time taken to complete an orbit--> | orbit_RAAN = <!--right ascension of the ascending node--> | orbit_arg_periapsis = <!--argument of perigee/periapsis--> | orbit_mean_anomaly = <!--mean anomaly at epoch, only use in conjunction with an epoch value--> | orbit_mean_motion = <!--mean motion of the satellite, usually measured in orbits per day--> | orbit_repeat = <!--repeat interval/revisit time--> | orbit_velocity = <!--speed at which the spacecraft was travelling at epoch β only use for spacecraft with low orbital eccentricity--> | orbit_epoch = planned | orbit_rev_number = <!--revolution number--> | apsis = <!--planet specific apsis term (eg. gee/helion/selene/etc β defaults to generic "apsis")--> |interplanetary = <!--Infobox spaceflight/IP can be called multiple times for missions with multiple targets or combined orbiter/lander missions, etc--> <!--transponder parameters--> | trans_band = <!--Transponder frequency bands--> | trans_frequency = <!--specific frequencies--> | trans_bandwidth = <!--bandwidth--> | trans_capacity = <!--capacity of the transponders--> | trans_coverage = <!--area covered--> | trans_TWTA = <!--TWTA output power--> | trans_EIRP = <!--equivalent isotropic power--> | trans_HPBW = <!--half-power beam width--> <!--Only use where a spacecraft/mission is part of a clear programme of sequential missions. If in doubt, leave it out--> | programme = [[Phobos program]] | previous_mission = | next_mission = [[Phobos 2]] <!--mission insignia or patch--> | insignia = <!--omit the "file" prefix--> | insignia_caption = <!--image caption--> | insignia_alt = <!--image alt text--> | insignia_size = <!--include px/em; defaults to 180px--> }} [[File:Phobos edit 2.jpg|thumb|Phobos was the primary object of study for the ''Phobos 1'' spacecraft.]] '''''Phobos 1''''' was an uncrewed Soviet space probe of the [[Phobos program|Phobos Program]] launched from the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonour]] launch facility on 7 July 1988.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Soviet Robots in the Solar System|last1=Wesley|first1=Huntress|last2=Marov|first2=Mikhail|publisher=Praxis Publishing|year=2011|isbn=978-1-4419-7897-4|location=Chichester, UK|pages=368}}</ref> Its intended mission was to explore [[Mars]] and its moons [[Phobos (moon)|Phobos]] and [[Deimos (moon)|Deimos]]. The mission failed on 2 September 1988 when a computer malfunction caused the end-of-mission order to be transmitted to the spacecraft. At the time of launch it was the heaviest interplanetary spacecraft ever launched, weighing {{val|6200|u=kg}}.<ref name=Harvey251>{{cite book |last=Harvey |first=Brian |date=2007 |title=Russian Planetary Exploration History, Development, Legacy and Prospects |publisher=Springer-Praxis |page=251 |isbn=9780387463438}}</ref>
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