Editing Photogrammetry (section)

{{short description|Taking measurements using photography}}
{{Citation style|date=June 2019}}
[[File:Three Arch Bay Photo Taken by pilot Don Ramey Logan.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Low altitude aerial photograph for use in photogrammetry. Location: [[Three Arch Bay]], [[Laguna Beach, California]].]]
'''Photogrammetry''' is the science and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the environment through the process of recording, measuring and interpreting photographic images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant imagery and other phenomena.<ref>[http://www.asprs.org/About-Us.html ASPRS online] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520012943/http://www.asprs.org/About-Us.html |date=May 20, 2015 }}</ref>
[[File:Sede da Fazenda do Pinhal (53), N.ELAC.jpg|thumb|Photogrammetry of the headquarters of Fazenda do Pinhal, São Carlos-SP, Brazil]]
While the invention of the method is attributed to [[Aimé Laussedat]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lumenandforge.com/photogrammetry-history-and-modern-uses/|title=Photogrammetry history and modern uses|date=8 June 2022 }}</ref> the term "photogrammetry" was coined by the German architect {{interlanguage link|Albrecht Meydenbauer|de}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cices.org/pdf/P&RSinformation.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830062535/https://www.cices.org/pdf/P%26RSinformation.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-30|title=Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing}}</ref> which appeared in his 1867 article "Die Photometrographie."<ref>Albrecht Meydenbauer: ''Die Photometrographie''. In: ''Wochenblatt des Architektenvereins zu Berlin'' Jg. 1, 1867, Nr.&nbsp;14, S.&nbsp;125–126 ([https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-btu/files/749/db186714.pdf Digitalisat]); Nr.&nbsp;15, S.&nbsp;139–140 ([https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-btu/files/750/db186715.pdf Digitalisat]); Nr.&nbsp;16, S.&nbsp;149–150 ([https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-btu/files/751/db186716.pdf Digitalisat]).</ref>
[[File:Sede da Fazenda do Pinhal (163), N.ELAC.jpg|thumb|Photogrammetry of the headquarters of Fazenda do Pinhal, São Carlos-SP, Brazil]]
There are many variants of photogrammetry.  One example is the extraction of three-dimensional measurements from two-dimensional data (i.e. images); for example, the distance between two points that lie on a plane parallel to the photographic [[image plane]] can be determined by measuring their distance on the image, if the [[scale (map)|scale]] of the image is known.  Another is the extraction of accurate [[color]] ranges and values representing such quantities as [[albedo]], [[specular reflection]], [[Metallicity#Photometric colors|metallicity]], or [[ambient occlusion]] from photographs of materials for the purposes of [[physically based rendering]].

Close-range photogrammetry refers to the collection of photography from a lesser distance than traditional aerial (or orbital) photogrammetry. Photogrammetric analysis may be applied to one photograph, or may use [[high-speed photography]] and [[remote sensing]] to detect, measure and record complex 2D and 3D [[motion field]]s by feeding measurements and [[imagery analysis]] into [[Computer simulation|computational models]] in an attempt to successively estimate, with increasing accuracy, the actual, 3D relative motions.

From its beginning with the [[stereoplotter]]s used to plot [[contour line]]s on [[topographic map]]s, it now has a very wide range of uses such as [[sonar]], [[radar]], and [[lidar]].