Editing Phylogeography (section)

{{Short description|Subfield of genealogy}}
'''Phylogeography''' is the study of the historical processes that may be responsible for the past to present geographic distributions of genealogical lineages. This is accomplished by considering the geographic distribution of individuals in light of [[genetics]], particularly [[population genetics]].<ref name="Avise00">{{Cite book  | last = Avise  | first = J.  | title = Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species  | publisher = [[President and Fellows of Harvard College]]  | year = 2000  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lA7YWH4M8FUC&q=phylogeography  | isbn = 978-0-674-66638-2}}</ref>

This term was introduced to describe geographically structured genetic signals within and among [[species]]. An explicit focus on a species' [[biogeography]]/biogeographical past sets phylogeography apart from classical [[population genetics]] and [[phylogenetics]].<ref name="K&M02">{{cite journal |author=Knowles, L. L. and [[W. P. Maddison]] |year=2002 |title=Statistical phylogeography |journal=[[Molecular Ecology]] |volume=11 |pages=2623–2635 | doi=10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01410.x |pmid=12453245 |issue=12|s2cid=23581676 }}</ref>

Past events that can be inferred include population expansion, [[population bottlenecks]], [[vicariance]], dispersal, and [[human migration|migration]]. Recently developed approaches integrating [[coalescent theory]] or the genealogical history of [[alleles]] and distributional information can more accurately address the relative roles of these different historical forces in shaping current patterns.<ref name="C&T00">{{cite journal |author1=Cruzan, M. B |author2=A. R. Templeton  |name-list-style=amp |year=2000 |title=Paleoecology and coalescence: phylogeographic analysis of hypotheses from the fossil record |journal=[[Trends in Ecology and Evolution]] |volume=15 |pages=491–496 | doi=10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01998-4 |pmid=11114435 |issue=12}}
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