Editing Picard language (section)

{{Short description|Gallo-Romance language}}
{{Other uses|Picard (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox language
| name          = Picard
| nativename    = {{lang|pcd|picard}}
| pronunciation = {{IPA|fr|pikaʁ|}}
| states        = [[France]], [[Belgium]]
| speakers      = {{sigfig|700,000|2}}
| date          = 2011
| ref           = e25
| familycolor   = Indo-European
| fam2          = [[Italic languages|Italic]]
| fam3          = [[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
| fam4          = [[Latin]]
| fam5          = [[Romance languages|Romance]]
| fam6          = [[Italo-Western languages|Italo-Western]]
| fam7          = [[Western Romance languages|Western Romance]]
| fam8          = Gallo-Iberian
| fam9          = [[Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Romance]]
| fam10         = Gallo-Rhaetian?<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/oila1234 |title=Oil |date=2022-05-24 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=[[Glottolog]] |last1=Hammarström |first1=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008064016/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/oila1234 |archive-date=2022-10-08 |url-status=live |publisher=[[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]] |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian}}</ref>
| fam11         = [[Franco-Provençal|Arpitan]]–[[Langues d'oïl|Oïl]]
| fam12         = [[Langues d'oïl|Oïl]]
| ancestor      = [[Old Latin]]
| ancestor2     = [[Vulgar Latin]]
| ancestor3     = [[Proto-Romance language|Proto-Romance]]
| ancestor4     = [[Gallo-Romance languages|Old Gallo-Romance]]
| ancestor5     = [[Old French]]
| minority      = {{flag|Belgium}} (recognised by the [[French Community of Belgium]])
| iso3          = pcd
| glotto        = pica1241
| glottorefname = Picard
| lingua        = 51-AAA-he
| map           = Langues_d'oïl_2.svg
| mapcaption    = The geographical spread of Picard and Chtimi among the [[Langues d'oïl|Oïl languages]] (other than French) can be seen in shades of green and yellow on this map.
| map2          = Lang Status 80-VU.svg
| mapcaption2   = {{center|{{small|Picard is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wal.unesco.org/languages/picard|title=World Atlas of Languages: Picard|website=en.wal.unesco.org|access-date=2023-11-15}}</ref>}}}}
| notice        = IPA
}}

'''Picard''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɪ|k|ɑːr|d}} {{respell|PIH|kard}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Picard |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182710/https://www.lexico.com/definition/picard |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Picard |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> <small>also</small> {{IPAc-en|US|p|ɪ|ˈ|k|ɑːr|d|,_|ˈ|p|ɪ|k|ər|d}} {{respell|pih|KARD|,_|PIH|kərd}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Picard|access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Picard|access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|pikaʁ|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-picard.wav}}) is a ''[[langue d'oïl]]'' of the [[Romance languages|Romance]] [[language family]] spoken in the northernmost of France and parts of [[Hainaut province|Hainaut]] province in Belgium. Administratively, this area is divided between the French [[Hauts-de-France]] region and the Belgian [[Wallonia]] along the border between both countries due to its traditional core being the districts of [[Tournai]] and [[Mons, Belgium|Mons]] ([[Wallonie Picarde|Walloon Picardy]]).

The language or dialect is referred to by different names, as residents of [[Picardy]] call it simply {{lang|fr|Picard}}, but in the more populated region of {{lang|fr|[[Nord-Pas-de-Calais]]|italic=no}} it is called '''{{lang|pcd|Ch'ti}}''' or '''{{lang|pcd|Ch'timi}}''' (sometimes written as ''Chti'' or ''Chtimi''). This is the area that makes up [[Romance Flanders]], around the metropolis of [[Lille]] and [[Douai]], and northeast [[Artois]] around [[Béthune]] and [[Lens, Pas-de-Calais|Lens]]. ''Picard'' is also named '''{{lang|fr|Rouchi}}''' around [[Valenciennes]], '''{{lang|fr|Roubaignot}}''' around [[Roubaix]], or simply {{lang|fr|[[patois]]}} in general French.

In 1998, Picard native speakers amounted to 700,000 individuals, the vast majority of whom were elderly people (aged 65 and over).<ref>{{cite conference |last=Auger |first=Julie |date=14–17 February 2003 |title=Issues of authenticity, purity, and autonomy in minority languages: What is 'real' Picard, and who is an 'authentic' speaker? |conference=Congress Minority and Diasporic Languages of Europe |location=Berkeley, US |publisher=[[Indiana University]]}} in {{cite book |title=Berkeley Linguistics Society (BLS 29) |editor1-last=Nowak |editor1-first=Pawel |editor2-last=Yoquelet |editor2-first=Corey}}<br />* - in France:  c. 500 000 speakers '''[fr]''' [http://www.encyclopedie.picardie.fr/index.php/Le_picard,_langue_d'o%C3%AFl]  <br /> - in Belgium: a rough approximation is about 12% to 15% of people in province of Hainaut, i.e. c. 150 000 to 200 000 speakers.</ref> Since its daily use had drastically declined, Picard was declared by the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation]] (UNESCO) a "severely [[endangered language]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=OHCHR rapporteurs |date=20 July 1998 |title='According to the UN, about 500,000 speakers in France and 200,000 in Belgium' [archive], Selon l'ONU, environ 500&thinsp;000 locuteurs en France et 200&thinsp;000 en Belgique |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=frn2 |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> However, as of 2023, the Picard language was listed as “vulnerable” by UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wal.unesco.org/languages/picard|title=World Atlas of Languages: Picard|website=en.wal.unesco.org|access-date=2023-11-15}}</ref>