Editing Pierre Schaeffer (section)

{{short description|French musicologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name                = Pierre Schaeffer
| image               = Pierre Schaeffer, 1973.jpeg
| caption             = Schaeffer in 1973
| birth_name          = Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer
| alias               =
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|df=yes|1910|08|14}}
| birth_place         = [[Nancy, France|Nancy]], [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]], France
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1995|08|19|1910|08|14}}
| death_place         = [[Aix-en-Provence]], Bouches-du-Rhône, France
| occupation          = Composer, musician, writer, engineer, professor, broadcaster, acoustician, musicologist, record producer, inventor, entrepreneur, [[cultural critic]]
| years_active        = 1942–1990
| label_name               = {{plainlist|
* [[Groupe de Recherches Musicales|GRMC/GRM]]
* [[Institut national de l'audiovisuel|INA]]
* Phonurgia Nova, [[Philips Records|Philips]]
* Disques Adès
* [[Electronic Music Foundation|EMF]]
* Prospective 21e Siècle
}}
| website             = 
}}

'''Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer''' (<small>English pronunciation:</small> {{IPAc-en|audio=Pierre Schaeffer - Pronunciation.ogg|p|iː|ˈ|ɛər|_|ˈ|h|ɛ|n|r|iː|_|m|ə|ˈ|r|iː|_|ˈ|ʃ|eɪ|f|ər}}, {{IPA|fr|ʃɛfɛʁ}}; 14 August 1910 – 19 August 1995)<ref name="Schaeffer2"/> was a French composer, writer, broadcaster, engineer, [[musicologist]], [[acoustician]] and founder of '''Groupe de Recherche de Musique Concrète''' ('''GRMC'''). His innovative work in both the sciences—particularly [[communications]] and [[acoustics]]—and the various arts of music, literature and radio presentation after the end of World War II, as well as his [[anti-nuclear movement|anti-nuclear activism]] and [[cultural criticism]] garnered him widespread recognition in his lifetime.

Schaeffer is most widely and currently recognized for his accomplishments in [[electronic music|electronic]] and [[experimental music]],<ref name="Schaeffer7" /> at the core of which stands his role as the chief developer of a unique and early [[genre (music)|form]] of [[avant-garde music]] known as [[musique concrète]].<ref name="Schaeffer1">{{cite web|title=Pierre Schaeffer |work=Snyder, Jeff 2007: CsUNIX1/Lebanon Valley College: 1, 3 |url=http://csunix1.lvc.edu/~snyder/em/schaef.html |access-date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515172405/http://csunix1.lvc.edu/~snyder/em/schaef.html |archive-date=15 May 2008 }}</ref> The genre emerged in Europe from the utilization of new [[music technology]] developed in the [[post-war]] era, following the advance of [[electroacoustic music|electroacoustic]] and [[acousmatic music]].

Schaeffer's writings (which include written and radio-narrated essays, biographies, short novels, a number of musical [[treatises]] and several plays)<ref name="Schaeffer2">{{cite encyclopedia | title= Pierre Schaeffer | encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica: ¶2 | url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/526992/Pierre-Schaeffer | access-date=4 December 2008}} "Schaeffer taught electronic composition at the Paris Conservatory from 1968 until 1980. His writings include novels, short stories, and essays, as well as theoretical works in music, such as À la recherche d'une musique concrète (1952; 'In Search of a Concrete Music"'), Traité des objets musicaux (1966; 'Treatise on Musical Objects'), and the two-volume Machines à communiquer (1970–72; 'Machines for Communicating')."</ref><ref name="Schaeffer1"/><ref name="Schaeffer6">{{cite web | title= Les écrits de Pierre Schaeffer | work= Couprie, Pierre & OLATS 2000 | url= http://www.olats.org/pionniers/pp/schaeffer/oeuvreSchaeffer.php | access-date= 12 May 2009 | language= fr | archive-date= 10 May 2020 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200510012727/http://www.olats.org/pionniers/pp/schaeffer/oeuvreSchaeffer.php | url-status= dead }}</ref> are often oriented towards his development of the genre, as well as the [[music theory|theoretics]] and [[philosophy of music]] in general.<ref name="Schaeffer3" />

Today, Schaeffer is considered one of the most influential experimental, electroacoustic and subsequently [[electronic musician]]s, having been the first composer to develop a number of  [[Sound recording and reproduction|recording]] and [[Sampling (music)|sampling]] techniques that are ubiquitous in modern sound and music production .<ref name="Schaeffer7">{{cite web | title= Pierre Schaeffer & Pierre Henry: Pioneers in Sampling | work= Unknown author (reproduction via Diliberto, John 2005: Electronic Musician) 1986: Electronic Musician | url= http://emusician.com/em_spotlight/Pioneers_Sampling/ | access-date= 30 September 2009 | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091207081234/http://emusician.com/em_spotlight/Pioneers_Sampling/ | archive-date= 7 December 2009 | df= dmy-all }}</ref> His collaborative endeavors are considered milestones in the histories of [[Electronic music#History|electronic]] and [[Experimental music#History|experimental]] music.