Editing Pipeline (section)

{{Short description|Pumping fluids or gas through pipes}}
{{Other}}
[[File:HDPE Pipeline in a harsh Australian environment.jpg|thumb|264x264px|[[HDPE pipe|HDPE pipeline]] on a mine site in Australia]]

A '''pipeline''' is a system of [[Pipe (fluid conveyance)|pipe]]s for long-distance [[transportation]] of a liquid or gas, typically to a market area for consumption. The latest data from 2014 gives a total of slightly less than {{convert|2,175,000|mi|km}} of pipeline in 120 countries around the world.<ref name="cia">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2117.html |title=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=September 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821003050/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2117.html |archive-date=August 21, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The United States had 65%, Russia had 8%, and Canada had 3%, thus 76% of all pipeline were in these three countries.<ref name="cia" /> The main attribute to pollution from pipelines is caused by corrosion and leakage.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=He |first1=Guoxi |last2=Tian |first2=Zhiyuan |last3=Liao |first3=Kexi |last4=Shi |first4=Jun |last5=Wang |first5=Liang |date=2023-09-01 |title=Numerical investigation on the migration of leaked pollutants after liquid pressurized pipeline leakage regarding oil and gas parallel pipelines situation |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957582023005530 |journal=Process Safety and Environmental Protection |volume=177 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.1016/j.psep.2023.06.055 |bibcode=2023PSEP..177....1H |issn=0957-5820|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

''Pipeline and Gas Journal''{{'}}s worldwide survey figures indicate that {{convert|118,623|mi|km}} of pipelines are planned and under construction. Of these, {{convert|88,976|mi|km}} represent projects in the planning and design phase; {{convert|29,647|mi|km}} reflect pipelines in various stages of construction. Liquids and gases are transported in pipelines, and any chemically stable substance can be sent through a pipeline.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pipeline101.com/why-do-we-need-pipelines/what-do-pipelines-transport |title=Pipeline transport |access-date=26 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211184128/http://www.pipeline101.com/why-do-we-need-pipelines/what-do-pipelines-transport |archive-date=11 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Pipelines exist for the transport of crude and refined petroleum, [[fuel]]s – such as oil, natural gas and biofuels – and other fluids including [[sewage]], [[slurry]], [[water]], [[beer]], hot water or [[steam]] for shorter distances and even [[Pneumatic tube|pneumatic]] systems which allow for the generation of suction pressure for useful work and in transporting solid objects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pipeline {{!}} Definition, History, Types, Uses, & Facts |website=Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/pipeline-technology |access-date=2024-07-06 |language=en}}</ref> Pipelines are useful for transporting water for [[drinking water|drinking]] or [[irrigation]] over long distances when it needs to move over [[hill]]s, or where [[canal]]s or [[channel (geography)|channel]]s are poor choices due to considerations of [[evaporation]], [[pollution]], or environmental impact. {{Transport}}Oil pipelines are made from [[steel]] or [[HDPE pipe|plastic tubes]] which are usually buried. The oil is moved through the pipelines by [[pump]] stations along the pipeline. Natural gas (and similar gaseous fuels) are pressurized into liquids known as [[Natural-gas condensate|natural gas liquids]] (NGLs).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naturalgas.org/naturalgas/transport/|title=» The Transportation of Natural Gas NaturalGas.org|access-date=2019-07-18}}</ref> Natural gas pipelines are constructed of [[carbon steel]]. [[Hydrogen pipeline transport]] is the transportation of hydrogen through a pipe. Pipelines are one of the safest ways of transporting materials as compared to road or rail, and hence in war, pipelines are often the target of military attacks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HDPE Pipes and Poly Pipe Fittings {{!}} Polyethylene Pipe Systems|url=https://www.allplasticpipe.com/hdpe-pipes-and-fittings|access-date=2021-12-15|website=All Plastic Pipe |language=tr}}</ref>