Editing Plaek Phibunsongkhram (section)

{{Short description|Prime Minister of Thailand (1938–1944; 1948–1957)}}
{{redirect|Phibunsongkhram}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Plaek Phibunsongkhram
| native_name         = {{nobold|แปลก พิบูลสงคราม}}
| native_name_lang    = th
| image               = Field_Marshal_Plaek_Phibunsongkhram.jpg
| caption             = Plaek {{circa|1940s}}
| signature           = Signature of Plek Pibulsongkram.svg
| order               = 3rd
| office              = Prime Minister of Thailand
| term_start          = 8 April 1948
| term_end            = 16 September 1957
| monarch             = [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]]
| deputy              = {{List collapsed|title={{nobold|''See list''}}|[[Fuen Ronnaphagrad Ritthakhanee]]|[[Prayoon Yuthasastrkosol]]|[[Worakarn Bancha]]|[[Phin Choonhavan]]|[[Sawat Sawatdironnachai Sawatdikea]]}}
| predecessor         = [[Khuang Aphaiwong]]
| successor           = [[Sarit Thanarat]] (''de facto'')
| term_start1         = 16 December 1938
| term_end1           = 1 August 1944
| monarch1            = [[Ananda Mahidol]]
| deputy1             = {{List collapsed|title={{nobold|''See list''}}|[[Adul Aduldetjarat]]|[[Chaweng Saksongkhram]]}}
| predecessor1        = [[Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena|Phahon Phonphayuhasena]]
| successor1          = [[Khuang Aphaiwong]]
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|last=yes|Ministerial offices<br>1934–1957
|titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
| office2              = [[List of Defence Ministers of Thailand|Minister of Defence]]
| term_start2         = 12 September 1957
| term_end2           = 16 September 1957
| primeminister2      = Himself 
| predecessor2        = Sarit Thanarat
| successor2          = [[Thanom Kittikachorn]]
| term_start3         = 28 June 1949
| term_end3           = 21 March 1957
| primeminister3      = Himself
| predecessor3        = Suk Chatnakrob
| successor3          = Sarit Thanarat
| term_start4         = 15 December 1941
| term_end4           = 15 November 1943
| primeminister4      = Himself
| predecessor4        = Mangkorn Phromyothi
| successor4          = [[Phichit Kriangsakphichit]]
| term_start5         = 22 September 1934
| term_end5           = 19 August 1941
| primeminister5      = {{ubl|Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena|Himself}}
| predecessor5        = Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena
| successor5          = Mangkorn Phromyothi
| office6              = [[Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (Thailand)|Minister of Cooperatives]]
| term_start6         = 12 September 1957
| term_end6           = 16 September 1957
| primeminister6      = Himself
| predecessor6        = Siri Siriyothin
| successor6          = Wiboon Thammaboot
| office7             = [[Ministry of Interior (Thailand)|Minister of Interior]]
| term_start7         = 2 August 1955
| term_end7           = 21 March 1957
| primeminister7      = Himself
| predecessor7        = Pisan Sunavinvivat
| successor7          = [[Phao Siyanon]]
| term_start8         = 15 April 1948
| term_end8           = 25 June 1949
| primeminister8      = Himself
| predecessor8        = [[Khuang Aphaiwong]]
| successor8          = Mangkorn Phromyothi
| term_start9         = 21 December 1938
| term_end9           = 22 August 1941
| primeminister9      = Himself
| predecessor9        = [[Thawan Thamrongnawasawat]]
| successor9          = Chuang Kwancherd
| office10            = [[Ministry of Commerce (Thailand)|Minister of Commerce]]
| term_start10        = 4 February 1954
| term_end10          = 23 March 1954
| primeminister10     = Himself
| predecessor10       = Boonkerd Sutantanon
| successor10         = Siri Siriyothin
| office11            = [[Ministry of Culture (Thailand)|Minister of Culture]]
| term_start11        = 24 March 1952
| term_end11          = 2 August 1955
| primeminister11     = Himself
| predecessor11       = ''Position established''
| successor11         = Pisan Sunavinvivat
| office12            = [[Ministry of Finance (Thailand)|Minister of Finance]]
| term_start12        = 13 October 1949
| term_end12          = 18 July 1950
| primeminister12     = Himself
| predecessor12       = [[Vivadhanajaya]]
| successor12         = Chom Jamornmarn
| office13            = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Thailand)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| term_start13        = 28 June 1949
| term_end13          = 13 October 1949
| primeminister13     = Himself
| predecessor13       = Mom Chao Pridithepphong Devakula
| successor13         = [[Pote Sarasin]]
| term_start14        = 15 December 1941
| term_end14          = 19 June 1942
| primeminister14     = Himself
| predecessor14       = [[Direk Jayanama]]
| successor14         = [[Luang Wichitwathakan]]
| term_start15        = 14 July 1939
| term_end15          = 22 August 1941
| primeminister15     = Himself
| predecessor15       = Jit Na Songkhla
| successor15         = Direk Jayanama
| office16            = [[Ministry of Education (Thailand)|Minister of Education]]
| term_start16        = 16 February 1942
| term_end16          = 7 March 1942
| primeminister16     = Himself
| predecessor16       = Sindhu Kamolnavin
| successor16         = [[Prayoon Pamornmontri]]
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}}}
| office3             = [[Chief of Defence Forces (Thailand)|Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces]]
| term_start3         = 13 November 1940
| term_end3           = 24 November 1943
| predecessor3        = ''Position established''
| successor3          = Sarit Thanarat
| office4             = [[Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army]]
| term_start4         = 9 November 1947
| term_end4           = 15 May 1948
| predecessor4        = Adun Adundetcharat
| successor4          = [[Phin Choonhavan]]
| term_start5         = 4 January 1938
| term_end5           = 5 August 1944
| predecessor5        = Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena
| successor5          = Phichit Kriangsakphichit
| party               = [[Seri Manangkhasila Party|Seri Manangkhasila]] (1955–1957)
| otherparty          = [[Khana Ratsadon]] (1927–1954)
| birth_name          = Plaek{{efn|At that time, Thais did not have surnames.}}
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|df=yes|1897|7|14}}
| birth_place         = [[Nonthaburi province|Nonthaburi]], Siam
| death_date          = {{death date and age|df=yes|1964|6|11|1897|7|14}}
| death_place         = [[Sagamihara]], Kanagawa, Japan
| spouse              = La-iad Bhandhukravi
| partner             = {{ubl|Phitsamai Wilaisak|Khamnuengnit Phibunsongkhram}}
| children            = 6, including [[Nitya Pibulsonggram|Nitya]]
| relatives           = [[Krissanapoom Pibulsonggram]] (great-grandson)
| allegiance          = {{ubl|[[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siam]]|Thailand}}
| branch              = [[Royal Thai Army]]
| serviceyears        = 1914–1957
| rank                = {{ubl|[[Field Marshal (Thailand)|Field Marshal]]|[[List of Admirals of the Fleet (Thailand)|Admiral of the Fleet]]|[[List of Marshals of the Royal Thai Air Force|Marshal of the Air Force]]}}
| commands            = [[Chief of Defence Forces (Thailand)|Supreme Commander]]
| battles             = {{tree list}}
* [[Siamese revolution of 1932|Siamese Revolution]]
* [[Boworadet Rebellion]]
* [[World War II]]
** [[Franco-Thai War]]
** [[Pacific War]] 
* [[Palace Rebellion]]
{{tree list/end}}
}}
 
'''Plaek Phibunsongkhram'''{{efn|{{langx|th|แปลก พิบูลสงคราม}}, {{IPA|th|plɛ̀ːk pʰí.būːn.sǒŋ.kʰrāːm|pron}}}}; 14 July 1897 – 11 June 1964) was a Thai military leader, politician, and revolutionary who served as 3rd [[prime minister of Thailand]] from 1938 to 1944, during the [[Second World War]], and again from 1948 to 1957. Plaek was a key figure in the [[1932 Siamese revolution]], which transitioned the country from an [[absolute monarchy]] to a [[constitutional monarchy]].

Plaek was a member of the army wing of [[Khana Ratsadon]], the first political party in Thailand, and a leader of the [[Siamese revolution of 1932]], which replaced Thailand's [[absolute monarchy]] with a [[constitutional monarchy]]. Plaek became the third Prime Minister of Thailand in 1938 while serving as [[List of Commanders of the Royal Thai Army|Commander of the Royal Siamese Army]]. Inspired by the [[Italian fascism]] of [[Benito Mussolini]], he established a ''de facto'' military dictatorship run along fascist lines, promoted [[Thai nationalism]] and [[Sinophobia]], and allied Thailand with [[Empire of Japan|Imperial Japan]] in [[World War II]]. Plaek launched a modernization campaign known as the [[Thai Cultural Revolution]] that included a [[Thai cultural mandates|series of cultural mandates]], which changed the country's name from "Siam" to "Thailand", and promoted the [[Thai language]].

Plaek was ousted as prime minister by the [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]] in 1944 and replaced by members of the [[Free Thai Movement]], but returned to power after the [[Siamese coup d'état of 1947]], led by the [[1947 Coup Group (Thailand)|Coup Group]]. Plaek aligned Thailand with [[anti-communism]] in the [[Cold War]], entered the [[Korean War]] under the [[United Nations Command]], and abandoned fascism for a façade of democracy. Phibun's second term as prime minister was plagued by [[political instability]] and several attempts to launch a coup d'etat against him were made, including the [[Army General Staff plot]] in 1948, the [[Palace Rebellion]] in 1949, and the [[Manhattan Rebellion]] in 1951. Plaek attempted to transform Thailand into an electoral democracy from the mid-1950s onward, but was overthrown in 1957 and went into exile in Japan, where he died in 1964.

At fifteen years and one month, Plaek's term as Prime Minister of Thailand was the longest to date.