Editing Platinum group (section)

{{redirect|Platinide|the salts|platinum#Other compounds}}
{{short description|Six noble, precious metallic elements clustered together in the periodic table}}
{| style="float:right; margin:5px; border:1px solid grey; text-align:center;"
|+ '''[[Platinum group|Platinum group metals]] (PGMs) in the [[periodic table]]'''
|-
| white;| H|| colspan="17" |&nbsp; ||He
|-
| Li||Be|| colspan="11" |&nbsp; ||B || white;|C || white;|N || white;|O ||F ||Ne
|-
| |Na||Mg|| colspan="11" |&nbsp; ||Al||Si||P ||S ||Cl||Ar
|-
| |K ||Ca|| ||Sc||Ti||V||Cr||Mn||Fe||Co||Ni|| style="background:#90ff00;"|'''Cu'''||Zn||Ga||Ge||As||Se||Br||Kr
|-
| |Rb||Sr|| ||Y||Zr||Nb||Mo||Tc|| style="background:#00ff90;"|'''Ru'''|| style="background:#00ff90;"|'''Rh'''|| style="background:#00ff90;"|'''Pd'''|| style="background:#90ff00;"|'''Ag'''||Cd||In||Sn||Sb||Te||I ||Xe
|-
| Cs||Ba|| * ||Lu||Hf||Ta||W|| style="background:#90ff00;"|'''Re'''|| style="background:#00ff90;"|'''Os'''|| style="background:#00ff90;"|'''Ir'''|| style="background:#00ff90;"|'''Pt'''|| style="background:#90ff00;"|'''Au'''|| style="background:#90ff00;"|'''Hg'''||Tl||Pb||Bi||Po||At||Rn
|-
| Fr||Ra|| ** ||Lr||Rf||Db||Sg||Bh||Hs||Mt||Ds||Rg||Cn||Nh||Fl||Mc||Lv||Ts||Og||
|-
| colspan="19" style="line-height:110%;" | &nbsp;
|-
| || ||* ||La||Ce||Pr||Nd||Pm||Sm||Eu||Gd||Tb||Dy||Ho||Er||Tm||Yb|| ||
|-
| || ||** ||Ac||Th||Pa||U ||Np||Pu||Am||Cm||Bk||Cf||Es||Fm||Md||No|| ||
|-
| colspan=6 | {{legend|#00ff90;| Platinum group metals}} 
|-
| colspan=5 | {{legend|#90ff00;| Other [[noble metal]]s}}
|}

The '''platinum-group metals'''{{efn|Also known as the '''platinoids''', '''platinides''', '''platidises''', '''platinum group''', '''platinum metals''', '''platinum family''', or '''platinum-group elements''' ('''PGEs''').}} ('''PGMs''') are six [[Noble metal|noble]], [[Precious metal|precious]] [[metal]]lic [[chemical element|elements]] clustered together in the [[periodic table]]. These elements are all [[transition metal]]s in the [[d-block]] (groups [[Group 8 element|8]], [[Group 9 element|9]], and [[Group 10 element|10]], periods [[Period 5 element|5]] and [[Period 6 element|6]]).<ref name="ullmann-pt">{{cite book|display-authors=8|author=Renner, H.|author2=Schlamp, G.|author3=Kleinwächter, I.|author4=Drost, E.|author5=Lüschow, H. M.|author6=Tews, P.|author7=Panster, P.|author8=Diehl, M.|author9=Lang, J.|author10=Kreuzer, T.|author11=Knödler, A.|author12=Starz, K. A.|author13=Dermann, K.|author14=Rothaut, J.|author15=Drieselman, R.|chapter=Platinum group metals and compounds|title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|publisher=Wiley|date=2002|doi=10.1002/14356007.a21_075|isbn=3527306730}}</ref>

The six platinum-group metals are [[ruthenium]], [[rhodium]], [[palladium]], [[osmium]], [[iridium]], and [[platinum]]. They have similar physical and chemical properties, and tend to occur together in the same mineral deposits.<ref>{{cite journal |journal = The Canadian Mineralogist |year = 1991 |volume = 29 |issue = 2 |pages = 231&ndash;237 |title =Nomenclature of platinum-group-element alloys; review and revision |first = D. C. |last = Harris |author2=Cabri L. J. }}</ref> However, they can be further subdivided into the ''iridium-group platinum-group elements'' (IPGEs: Os, Ir, Ru) and the ''palladium-group platinum-group elements'' (PPGEs: Rh, Pt, Pd) based on their behaviour in geological systems.<ref>{{cite book |title = Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation |author = Rollinson, Hugh |publisher = Longman Scientific and Technical |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mELwAAAAMAAJ |year = 1993 |isbn = 0-582-06701-4}}</ref>

The three elements above the platinum group in the periodic table ([[iron]], [[nickel]] and [[cobalt]]) are all [[ferromagnetic]]; these, together with the lanthanide element [[gadolinium]] (at temperatures below 20 °C),<ref>{{RubberBible86th|page=4.122}}</ref> are the only known transition metals that display ferromagnetism near room temperature.