Editing Pleonasm (section)

{{Short description|Redundancy in linguistic expression}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Distinguish|Neoplasm}}
{{Lead too short|date=August 2023}}
'''Pleonasm''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|l|iː|.|ə|ˌ|n|æ|z|əm}}; {{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|πλεονασμός}}'' {{grc-transl|πλεονασμός}}|}}, {{etymology||''{{wikt-lang|grc|πλέον}}'' {{grc-transl|πλέον}}|to be in excess}})<ref>{{Cite book|last=Latham|first=Robert Gordon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IzVLAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Pleonasm%22+%22Greek%22+%22Excess%22&pg=PA295|title=A Hand-book of the English Language: For the Use of Students of the Universities and Higher Classes of Schools|date=1855|publisher=Walton & Maberly|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-02-14|title=Pleonasm – Definition and Examples of Pleonasm|url=https://literarydevices.net/pleonasm/|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Literary Devices|language=en-US}}</ref> is [[Redundancy (linguistics)|redundancy]] in linguistic expression, such as in "black darkness," "burning fire," "the man he said,"<ref>{{cite book |title=Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster|Merriam-Webster, Incorporated]] |isbn=978-0-87779-808-8 |edition=11th |location=Springfield, Massachusetts |publication-date=2003-07-01 |page=952 |language=en}}</ref> or "vibrating with motion." It is a manifestation of [[Tautology (language)|tautology]] by traditional [[rhetoric]]al criteria.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Okopień-Sławińska|first=Aleksandra|chapter=Pleonazm|title=Słownik terminów literackich|editor-first=Janusz|editor-last=Słowiński|location=Wrocław|year=2008|pages=390–391|language=pl}}</ref> Pleonasm may also be used for emphasis, or because the phrase has become established in a certain form. Tautology and pleonasm are not consistently differentiated in literature.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|first=Bogdan|last=Szymanek|encyclopedia=Studies in Morphology|title=Semantics of Complex Words|chapter=Remarks on Tautology in Word-Formation|date=2015|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLkPBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA146|editor1-first=Laurie|editor1-last=Bauer|editor1-link=Laurie Bauer|editor2-first=Lívia|editor2-last=Körtvélyessy|editor3-first=Pavol|editor3-last=Štekauer|publisher=Springer International Publishing|volume=3|isbn=978-3-319-14102-2|page=146|access-date=October 27, 2020|quote=The concept of tautology is defined here, rather loosely, as 'expressing the same idea twice in different words'... However, according to some other accounts, such expressions should rather be viewed as instances of pleonasm.}}</ref>