Editing Polaris Sales Agreement (section)

{{Short description|Treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom}}
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{{use British English|date=November 2017}}
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{{Infobox treaty
| name                    = Polaris Sales Agreement  
| long_name               = Polaris Sales Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the United States of America   
| image                   = File:PolarisMissileIWMLondon.jpg
| image_size              =  200px 
| alt                     = 
| caption                 = British Polaris missile on display at the [[Imperial War Museum]] in London 
| type                    =
| context                 =
| date_drafted            =
| date_signed             = {{Start date|1963|04|06|df=yes}}
| location_signed         = Washington, D.C.
| date_sealed             =
| date_effective          = {{Start date|1963|04|06|df=yes}}
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| mediators               = <!-- format this as a bullet list -->
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| original_signatories    = <!-- format this as a bullet list -->
| signatories             = [[Dean Rusk]] (US)<br />[[David Ormsby-Gore, 5th Baron Harlech|David Ormsby-Gore]] (UK)
| parties                 = <!-- format this as a bullet list -->
| ratifiers               = <!-- format this as a bullet list -->
| depositor               = <!-- OR: -->
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| citations               = <!-- format as XX [[Article on Treaty Series|TS]] YYY -->
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The '''Polaris Sales Agreement''' was a treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom which began the [[UK Polaris programme]]. The agreement was signed on 6 April 1963. It formally arranged the terms and conditions under which the [[UGM-27 Polaris|Polaris]] missile system was provided to the United Kingdom.

The United Kingdom had been planning to buy the air-launched [[GAM-87 Skybolt|Skybolt]] missile to extend the operational life of the British [[V bomber]]s, but the United States decided to cancel the Skybolt program in 1962 as it no longer needed the missile. The crisis created by the cancellation prompted an emergency meeting between the [[President of the United States]], [[John F. Kennedy]], and the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]], [[Harold Macmillan]], which resulted in the [[Nassau Agreement]], under which the United States agreed to provide Polaris missiles to the United Kingdom instead.

The Polaris Sales Agreement provided for the implementation of the Nassau Agreement. The United States would supply the United Kingdom with Polaris missiles, launch tubes, and the [[fire-control system|fire control system]]. The United Kingdom would manufacture the warheads and submarines. In return, the US was given certain assurances by the United Kingdom regarding the use of the missile, but not a veto on the use of British nuclear weapons. The British {{sclass|Resolution|submarine|0}} Polaris [[ballistic missile submarine]]s were built on time and under budget, and came to be seen as a credible deterrent.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Priest|first=Andrew|date=8 August 2006|title=In American Hands: Britain, the United States and the Polaris Nuclear Project 1962–1968|journal=Contemporary British History|volume=19|issue=3|pages=353–376|doi=10.1080/13619460500100450|s2cid=144941756}}</ref>

Along with the 1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement, the Polaris Sales Agreement became a pillar of the nuclear [[Special Relationship]] between Britain and the United States. The agreement was amended in 1982 to provide for the sale of the [[Trident (missile)|Trident missile]] system.