Editing Polycarbonate (section)

{{short description|Family of polymers}}
<div class="skin-invert-image">{{about|thermoplastic polymer materials|carbonate-chain functional-groups|polycarbonate (functional group)}}
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{{Infobox material
| name = Polycarbonate 
| image = Lexan.svg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Repeating chemical structure unit of <br/>'''Polycarbonate''' made from [[bisphenol A]]
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[[File:VisibleLightSpectrum2.svg|class=skin-invert|center|300px]]
[[Transmittance|Transmission spectrum]] of polycarbonate
| density = 1.20–1.22 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| abbe_number = 34.0
| refractive_index = [[List of indices of refraction|1.584–1.586]]
| flammability = HB-V2
| limiting_oxygen_index = 25–29%
| water_absorption_eq = 0.16–0.35%
| water_absorption_24h = 0.1%
| uv_resistance = {{bg|#ffc|Fair}}
| youngs_modulus = 2.0–2.4 [[Giga|G]][[Pascal (unit)|Pa]]
| tensile_strength = 55–75 [[Mega-|M]]Pa
| compressive_strength = >80 MPa
| elongation = 80–150%
| poissons_ratio = 0.37
| hardness_rockwell = M70
| izod_impact_strength = 600–850 [[Joule|J]]/m
| notch_test = 20–35 [[Kilo-|k]]J/m<sup>2</sup>
| abrasive_resistance_note =[[ASTM International|ASTM]] D1044
| abrasive_resistance = 10–15 [[Milli|m]][[Gram|g]]/1000 [[rotation|cycles]]
| coeff_friction = 0.31
| speed_of_sound = 2270&nbsp;m/s
| glass_transition = {{convert|147|C|F}}
| vicat_note = at 50 [[Newton (unit)|N]]
| vicat = {{convert|145|-|150|C|F}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sfs.sabic.eu/wp-content/uploads/resource_pdf/1345453948-48623687-Technical-Manual-Coated-Uncoated-Sheet.pdf|title=Lexan sheet technical manual|publisher=[[SABIC]]|date=2009|access-date=2015-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316235516/http://sfs.sabic.eu/wp-content/uploads/resource_pdf/1345453948-48623687-Technical-Manual-Coated-Uncoated-Sheet.pdf|archive-date=2015-03-16}}</ref>
| heat_deflection_temp = {{unbulleted list
|0.45 MPa: {{convert|140|C|F}}
|1.8 MPa: {{convert|128|-|138|C|F}}
}}
| upper_working_temp = {{convert|115|-|130|C|F}}
| lower_working_temp = {{convert|-40|C|F}}<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Parvin, M. |author2=Williams, J. G. |name-list-style=amp |title= The effect of temperature on the fracture of polycarbonate|journal=Journal of Materials Science|volume=10|issue=11|year=1975|page=1883|doi=10.1007/BF00754478|bibcode=1975JMatS..10.1883P|s2cid=135645940 }}</ref>
| linear_expansion = 65–70 × 10<sup>−6</sup>/[[Kelvin|K]]
| specific_heat = 1.2–1.3 kJ/([[Kilogram|kg]]·K)
| thermal_conductivity_note = at 23&nbsp;°C
| thermal_conductivity = 0.19–0.22 [[Watt|W]]/(m·K) 
| thermal_diffusivity_note = at 25&nbsp;°C
| thermal_diffusivity = 0.144&nbsp;mm²/s<ref>{{cite journal |author1= Blumm, J. |author2=Lindemann, A. |title= Characterization of the thermophysical properties of molten polymers and liquids using the flash technique|url=http://www.eyoungindustry.com/uploadfile/file/20151027/20151027211034_96662.pdf|year=2003 |journal=High Temperatures – High Pressures |volume= 35/36 |issue=6 |page= 627 | doi= 10.1068/htjr144 }}</ref>
| dielectric_constant_note = at 1 M[[Hertz|Hz]]
| dielectric_constant = 2.9
| permittivity_note = at 1&nbsp;MHz
| permittivity = 2.568 × 10<sup>−11</sup> [[Farad|F]]/m
| relative_permeability_note = at 1&nbsp;MHz
| relative_permeability = 0.866(2)
| permeability_note = at 1&nbsp;MHz
| permeability = 1.089(2) [[Micro-|μ]]N/[[Ampere|A]]<sup>2</sup>
| dielectric_strength = 15–67 [[Kilovolt|kV]]/mm
| dissipation_factor_note = at 1 [[Megahertz|MHz]]
| dissipation_factor = 0.01
| surface_resistivity = 10<sup>15</sup> [[Ohm|Ω]]/sq
| volume_resistivity = 10<sup>12</sup>–10<sup>14</sup> [[Ohm|Ω]]·m
| chem_res_acid_c = {{bg|#fcc|Poor}}
| chem_res_acid_d = {{bg|#cfc|Good}}
| chem_res_alcohol = {{bg|#cfc|Good}}
| chem_res_alkali = {{bg|#ffc|Good-Poor}}
| chem_res_aromatic = {{bg|#fcc|Poor}}
| chem_res_grease_oil = {{bg|#e5ffcc|Good-fair}}
| chem_res_haloalkane = {{bg|#ffc|Good-poor}}
| chem_res_halogen = {{bg|#fcc|Poor}}
| chem_res_ketone = {{bg|#fcc|Poor}}
| gas_perm_temp = 20 °C
| gas_perm_N = 10–25&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup>·mm/(m<sup>2</sup>·day·[[Bar (unit)|Bar]])
| gas_perm_O = 70–130&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup>·mm/(m<sup>2</sup>·day·Bar)
| gas_perm_CO2 = 400–800&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup>·mm/(m<sup>2</sup>·day·Bar)
| gas_perm_H2O =1–2&nbsp;g·mm/(m<sup>2</sup>·day) @ 85%–0% [[Relative humidity|RH]] [[gradient]]
| price = 2.6–2.8 €/kg<ref>CES Edupack 2010, Polycarbonate (PC) specs sheet</ref>
| footnotes =
}}</div>

'''Polycarbonates''' ('''PC''') are a group of [[thermoplastic]] polymers containing [[carbonate ester|carbonate group]]s in their chemical structures. Polycarbonates used in engineering are strong, [[toughness|tough]] materials, and some grades are optically transparent. They are easily worked, [[injection molding|molded]], and [[thermoforming|thermoformed]].  Because of these properties, polycarbonates find many applications. Polycarbonates do not have a unique [[resin identification code|resin identification code (RIC)]] and are identified as "Other", 7 on the RIC list. Products made from polycarbonate can contain the precursor monomer [[bisphenol A]] (BPA).