Editing Polyphenol (section)

{{short description|Class of chemical compounds}}
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{{Use American English|date=May 2022}}
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[[File:Tannic acid.svg|290px|thumb|Representative chemical structure of one of many plant-derived polyphenols that comprise [[tannic acid]]. Such compounds are formed by esterification of [[phenylpropanoid]]-derived [[gallic acid]] to a monosaccharide (glucose) core.]]
'''Polyphenols''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|ɒ|l|i|ˈ|f|iː|n|oʊ|l|,_|-|n|ɒ|l}}) are a large family of naturally occurring [[phenols]].<ref name="Quideau">{{cite journal | vauthors = Quideau S, Deffieux D, Douat-Casassus C, Pouységu L | title = Plant polyphenols: chemical properties, biological activities, and synthesis | journal = Angewandte Chemie | volume = 50 | issue = 3 | pages = 586–621 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21226137 | doi = 10.1002/anie.201000044 | doi-access = free }}</ref> They are abundant in plants and structurally diverse.<ref name="Quideau" /><ref name="lpi">{{cite web |title=Flavonoids |url=https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/phytochemicals/flavonoids |publisher=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University |access-date=28 October 2020 |date=1 February 2016}}</ref><ref name=Nonaka>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nonaka G | year = 1989 | title = Isolation and structure elucidation of tannins | url = http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1989/pdf/6103x0357.pdf | journal = Pure Appl. Chem. | volume = 61 | issue = 3| pages = 357–360 | doi=10.1351/pac198961030357| s2cid = 84226096 }}</ref> Polyphenols include [[phenolic acid]]s, [[flavonoid]]s, [[tannic acid]], and [[ellagitannin]], some of which have been used historically as [[dye]]s and for [[tanning (leather)|tanning garments]].
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[[File:curcumin.svg|thumb|[[Curcumin]], a bright yellow component of [[turmeric]] (''Curcuma longa''), is a well-studied polyphenol.]]