Editing Post-1992 university (section)

{{short description|Used informally to refer to several different waves of new UK universities}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
In the [[United Kingdom]] (UK), a '''post-1992 university''', synonymous with '''new university''' or '''modern university''', is a former [[polytechnic (United Kingdom)|polytechnic]] or [[central institution]] that was given [[university status]] through the [[Further and Higher Education Act 1992]], or an institution that has been granted university status since 1992 without receiving a [[royal charter]].<ref name="jobs.ac.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.jobs.ac.uk/careers/articles/1135/what-is-a-university-in-the-uk/|title=What is a University in the UK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513000141/http://www.jobs.ac.uk/careers/articles/1135/what-is-a-university-in-the-uk/|archive-date=13 May 2010|access-date=14 August 2017|author=Catherine Armstrong|date=10 June 2008|work=Jobs.ac.uk|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> This is used in contrast to [[Universities in the United Kingdom#Categorisation by age and location|"pre-1992" universities]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jHJZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT76|title=Academics' International Teaching Journeys| publisher=Bloomsbury|date=14 June 2018|page=76|author=Anesa Hosein, Namrata Rao, Chloe Shu-Hua Yeh, Ian M. Kinchin|isbn=9781474289795|quote=In the UK, these institutions are referred to as a 'post-1992 university', 'modern university', or 'new university' (Read, Archer and Leathwood 2003: 263) established under the Further and Higher Education Act of 1992, expanding university provision in the UK. … While the Act of 1992 immediate awarded former polytechnics in the UK university status, post-1992 universities also include institutions that were not polytechnics, often colleges (in the UK sense) of HE}}</ref>

The term "new universities" was historically used to refer to universities that were at the time new. In the mid-19th century, it was used in England to distinguish the recently established universities of [[Durham University|Durham]] and [[University of London|London]] from the "old universities" of [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pBhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA64|work=[[The Lancet]]|page=64|date=19 July 1851|quote=We are now only seeking to contrast the general powers conferred on the old and on the new Universities|volume=2|title=The Anomalous Position of the University of London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZJMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA193|work=[[The Lancet]]|page=193|quote=the Solicitor General, by a piece of flimsy special pleading, endeavoured to establish a distinction between the cases of the old and the new Universities.|date=27 August 1853|volume=2|title=The Charitable Trusts Bill}}</ref> In the early 20th century, the term was applied to the civic universities that had recently gained university status, such as [[Bristol University|Bristol]]  and others (now known as [[red brick university|red brick universities]]).<ref>Herklots, H, 1928, The New Universities – an external examination, Ernest Benn, London</ref> The term was later used to refer to universities gaining their status in the 1960s, such as the former [[college of advanced technology (United Kingdom)|colleges of advanced technology]], which were converted to universities following the 1963 [[Robbins Report]] on higher education, and the [[plate glass university|plate glass universities]], which were already in the process of being established at the time of the report.<ref name="jobs.ac.uk"/><ref name=Robbins>{{cite book|url=http://www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/robbins/robbins1963.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030011903/http://www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/robbins/robbins1963.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 October 2013|date=1963|title=Higher Education – Report of the Committee appointed by the Prime Minister under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins|access-date=31 March 2016|chapter=Chapter IV: Institutions of higher education in Great Britain}}</ref>