Editing Prince Eugene of Savoy (section)

{{Short description|Military commander in the service of Austria (1663–1736)}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name             = Eugene of Savoy
| image            = Prinz Eugene of Savoy.PNG
| image_size       = 240
| caption          = ''Portrait of Prince Eugene of Savoy, 1718''<br />by [[Jacob van Schuppen]]
| birth_date       = {{Birth date|1663|10|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place      = [[Hôtel de Soissons]], [[Paris]], [[Kingdom of France]]
| death_date       = {{Death date and age|1736|04|21|1663|10|18|df=yes}}
| death_place      = [[Vienna]], [[Archduchy of Austria]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| burial_place     = [[St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna]]
| house            = [[House of Savoy-Carignano|Savoy-Carignano]]
| father           = [[Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons|Eugene Maurice of Savoy]]
| mother           = [[Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons|Olympia Mancini]]
| signature        = Signature of Eugene of Savoy cutout.png
| module = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes
| rank             = [[Generalfeldmarschall|Field marshal]]
| battles          = {{collapsible list|title = {{nobold|''See list''}}|
{{tree list}}
* '''[[Great Turkish War]]'''
** [[Battle of Vienna]]
** [[Siege of Buda (1684)]]
** [[Siege of Buda (1686)]]
** [[Battle of Mohács (1687)|Battle of Mohács]]
** [[Siege of Belgrade (1688)|Siege of Belgrade]]
** [[Battle of Zenta]]
** [[Sack of Sarajevo]]
* '''[[Nine Years' War]]'''
** [[Battle of Staffarda]]
* '''[[War of the Spanish Succession]]'''
** [[Battle of Carpi]]
** [[Battle of Chiari]]
** [[Battle of Cremona]]
** [[Battle of Luzzara]]
** [[Battle of Blenheim]]
** [[Battle of Cassano (1705)|Battle of Cassano]]
** [[Siege of Turin]]
** [[Battle of Toulon (1707)|Battle of Toulon]]
** [[Battle of Oudenarde]]
** [[Siege of Lille (1708)|Siege of Lille]]
** [[Assault on Brussels (1708)#Crossing of the Scheldt|Crossing of the Scheldt]]
** [[Battle of Malplaquet]]
** [[Battle of Denain]]
** [[Rhine campaign (1713)]]
* '''[[Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)|Austro-Turkish War]]'''
** [[Battle of Petrovaradin]] 
** [[Siege of Temeşvar (1716)|Siege of Temeşvar]]
** [[Battle of Belgrade (1717)|Battle of Belgrade]]
* '''[[War of the Polish Succession]]'''
** [[Siege of Philippsburg (1734)|Siege of Philippsburg]]
{{tree list/end}}}}
| battles_label    = Conflicts
}}
}}

'''Prince Eugene Francis of Savoy-Carignano'''<ref>{{langx|fr|Eugène François}}; {{langx|de|Eugen Franz}}; {{langx|it|Eugenio Francesco}}</ref> (18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736), better known as '''Prince Eugene''', was a distinguished [[Generalfeldmarschall|field marshal]] in the [[Army of the Holy Roman Empire]] and of the Austrian [[Habsburg dynasty]] during the 17th and 18th centuries. Renowned as one of the greatest military commanders of his era, Prince Eugene also rose to the highest offices of state at the Imperial court in [[Vienna]] spending six decades in the service of three emperors.

Born in [[Paris]], to the son of a French count and a niece of [[Cardinal Mazarin]], Eugene was raised at the court of King [[Louis XIV]]. Initially destined for the priesthood as the youngest son of a noble family, he chose to pursue a military career at 19. Due to his poor physique and possibly a scandal involving his mother, Louis XIV denied him a commission in the [[French Royal Army]] and forbade him from enlisting elsewhere. Embittered, Eugene fled France and entered the service of Emperor [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], cousin and rival of Louis XIV, where his elder brother, Louis of Savoy, was already serving.

At 20, Prince Eugene of Savoy distinguished himself during the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Battle of Vienna|Siege of Vienna]] in 1683. Commanding troops at [[Siege of Buda (1686)|Budapest (1686)]] and [[Siege of Belgrade (1688)|Belgrade (1688)]], he became a field marshal by age 25. In the [[Nine Years' War]], he fought alongside his distant cousin, the [[Victor Amadeus II|Duke of Savoy]]. As commander-in-chief in Hungary, Eugene's decisive victory at the [[Battle of Zenta]] (1697) ended the Ottoman threat for nearly 20 years. During the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] (1701–1714), he served Emperor Leopold I, achieving victories in Italy and forming a crucial partnership with the [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|Duke of Marlborough]], securing wins at [[Battle of Blenheim|Blenheim (1704)]], [[Battle of Oudenarde|Oudenaarde (1708)]], and [[Battle of Malplaquet|Malplaquet (1709)]]. His success continued in Italy, notably at [[Siege of Turin|Turin (1706)]]. Renewed Austro-Turkish conflicts saw Eugene triumph at [[Battle of Petrovaradin|Petrovaradin (1716)]] and [[Siege of Belgrade (1717)|Belgrade (1717)]], solidifying his legacy as one of Europe's greatest military commanders and securing peace in 1718.

Throughout the late 1720s, Eugene's diplomatic skills secured powerful allies for the Emperor in dynastic struggles with the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon powers]]. Physically and mentally fragile in his later years, Eugene saw less success as commander-in-chief during the [[War of the Polish Succession]] (1733–1735). Despite his opposition to the conflict, he loyally led a defensive campaign, preventing enemy invasion of Bavaria. During his peaceful years, Eugene accumulated a vast collection of art and literature and corresponded with contemporary artists, scientists, and philosophers. His architectural legacy includes Baroque palaces like the [[Belvedere, Vienna|Belvedere]] in Vienna. He died on 21 April 1736, aged 72.