Editing Prochlorperazine (section)

{{Short description|Medication for nausea, psychosis, and anxiety}}
{{Drugbox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 464214968
| image = Prochlorperazine.svg
| image_class = skin-invert-image
| width = 250

<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename =  Compazine, Stemetil, others
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|prochlorperazine}}
| MedlinePlus = a682116
| DailyMedID = Prochlorperazine
| pregnancy_AU = C
| pregnancy_category = 
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_AU_comment = /&nbsp;S3
| legal_BR = C1
| legal_BR_comment = <ref>{{Cite web |author=Anvisa |author-link=Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency |date=2023-03-31 |title=RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial |trans-title=Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control|url=https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803143925/https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992 |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-16 |publisher=[[Diário Oficial da União]] |language=pt-BR |publication-date=2023-04-04}}</ref>
| legal_US = Rx-only
| legal_UK = POM
| legal_UK_comment = /&nbsp;P<ref>{{cite web | title=Prochlorperazine 3 mg Buccal Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) | website=(emc) | date=9 December 2019 | url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5227/smpc | access-date=30 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Buccastem M Buccal Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) | website=(emc) | date=9 December 2019 | url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/478/smpc | access-date=30 December 2022}}</ref>
| routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration]], [[rectal administration]], [[intramuscular injection]], [[intravenous injection]] (IV)
| class = [[Typical antipsychotic]]

<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = Unknown, but presumed substantial
| protein_bound = 91–99%
| metabolism = Mainly [[Liver]] ([[CYP2D6]] and/or [[CYP3A4]])
| elimination_half-life = 4–8 hours, differs with the method of administration
| excretion = [[Bile duct]], (colored) inactive metabolites in urine

<!--Identifiers-->
| IUPHAR_ligand = 7279
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 58-38-8
| ATC_prefix = N05
| ATC_suffix = AB04
| PubChem = 4917
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00433
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 4748
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = YHP6YLT61T
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00493
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 8435
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 728

<!--Chemical data-->
| IUPAC_name = 2-chloro-10-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl]-10''H''-phenothiazine
| C=20 | H=24 | Cl=1 | N=3 | S=1
| SMILES = Clc2cc1N(c3c(Sc1cc2)cccc3)CCCN4CCN(C)CC4
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C20H24ClN3S/c1-22-11-13-23(14-12-22)9-4-10-24-17-5-2-3-6-19(17)25-20-8-7-16(21)15-18(20)24/h2-3,5-8,15H,4,9-14H2,1H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = WIKYUJGCLQQFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}

<!-- Definition and medical uses -->
'''Prochlorperazine''', formerly<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rxlist.com/compazine-side-effects-drug-center.htm |website=RX List |access-date=14 April 2021|title=Side Effects of Compazine (Prochlorperazine), Warnings, Uses }}</ref> sold under the brand name '''Compazine''' among others, is a medication used to treat [[nausea]], [[migraines]], [[schizophrenia]], [[psychosis]] and [[anxiety]].<ref name=AHFS2019/><ref name=BNF76>{{cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=385–386|edition=76}}</ref><ref name=AHS2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Orr SL, Friedman BW, Christie S, Minen MT, Bamford C, Kelley NE, Tepper D | title = Management of Adults With Acute Migraine in the Emergency Department: The American Headache Society Evidence Assessment of Parenteral Pharmacotherapies | journal = Headache | volume = 56 | issue = 6 | pages = 911–940 | date = June 2016 | pmid = 27300483 | doi = 10.1111/head.12835 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid30725768">{{cite book | vauthors = Din L, Preuss CV | chapter = Prochlorperazine | date = March 2022 | title = StatPearls [Internet] | location = Treasure Island (FL) | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | pmid = 30725768 | chapter-url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537083/ }}</ref> It is a less preferred medication for anxiety.<ref name=AHFS2019/> It may be taken [[by mouth]], [[rectal administration|rectally]], [[intravenous|injection into a vein]], or [[intramuscular|injection into a muscle]].<ref name=AHFS2019/>

<!-- Side effects and mechanisms -->
Common side effects include sleepiness, blurry vision, [[Hypotension|low blood pressure]], and dizziness.<ref name=AHFS2019/> Serious side effects may include movement disorders including [[tardive dyskinesia]] and [[neuroleptic malignant syndrome]].<ref name=AHFS2019/> Use in [[pregnancy]] and [[breastfeeding]] is generally not recommended.<ref name=Preg2019>{{cite web |title=Prochlorperazine Use During Pregnancy |url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/prochlorperazine.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=3 March 2019 }}</ref> It is a [[typical antipsychotic]] which is believed to work by reducing the action of [[dopamine]] in the brain.<ref name=AHFS2019>{{cite web |title=Prochlorperazine Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/prochlorperazine.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=3 March 2019 }}</ref>

<!-- History and culture -->
Prochlorperazine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1956.<ref name=AHFS2019/> It is available as a [[generic medication]].<ref name=BNF76/> In 2020, it was the 355th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 600{{nbsp}}thousand prescriptions.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Top 300 of 2020 | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website = ClinCalc | access-date = 7 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Prochlorperazine - Drug Usage Statistics | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Prochlorperazine | access-date = 7 October 2022}}</ref>