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Propaganda
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{{Short description|Communication used to influence opinion}} {{About|the biased form of communication||Propaganda (disambiguation)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}} [[File:I Want You for U.S. Army by James Montgomery Flagg.jpg|thumb|[[James Montgomery Flagg]]’s famous “[[Uncle Sam]]” propaganda poster, made during [[World War I]]]] '''Propaganda''' is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using [[loaded language]] to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented.<ref name="brit_BLS">{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Bruce L. |author-link=Bruce Lannes Smith |title=Propaganda |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]], Inc. |date=17 February 2016 |url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/propaganda |access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> Propaganda can be found in a wide variety of different contexts.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hobbs |first=Renee |title=Mind Over Media: Propaganda Education for a Digital Age |publisher=W.W. Norton |year=2020 |location=New York |author-link=Renee Hobbs}}</ref> Beginning in the twentieth century, the English term ''propaganda'' became associated with a [[Psychological manipulation|manipulative]] approach, but historically, propaganda had been a neutral descriptive term of any material that promotes certain opinions or [[ideology|ideologies]].<ref name="brit_BLS"/><ref name="Diggs-Brown2011p48"/> A wide range of materials and media are used for conveying propaganda messages, which changed as new technologies were invented, including paintings, cartoons, posters,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gibson |first=Stephanie |date=2008-06-01 |title=Display folk: Second World War posters at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa |url=https://tuhinga.arphahub.com/article/34165/ |journal=Tuhinga |language=en |volume=19 |pages=7–27 |doi=10.3897/tuhinga.19.e34165 |doi-access=free |issn=2253-5861}}</ref> pamphlets, films, radio shows, TV shows, and websites. More recently, the digital age has given rise to new ways of disseminating propaganda, for example, in [[computational propaganda]], bots and algorithms are used to manipulate public opinion, e.g., by creating [[fake news|fake]] or [[biased news]] to spread it on social media or using [[chat bot]]s to mimic real people in discussions in social networks.
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