Editing Prophet's Mosque (section)

{{short description|Historic mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name                  = Prophet's Mosque
| native_name           = {{transliteration|ar|Al-Masjid Al-Nabawī}} ({{lang|ar|ٱلْمَسْجِد ٱلنَّبَوِي}})
| image                 = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Masjid Nabawi The Prophet's Mosque, Madina.jpg
| photo2a = Umbrellas for the Piazza of the Prophet’s Holy Mosque, Madinah, SA.jpg
| size = 320
| spacing = 0
| border = 0
}}
|caption=Top: Picture of the mosque from the south with the [[Green Dome]] visible to the right. <br />
Bottom: A picture of the mosque from the north with the [[Medina]] in the background.
| map_type              = Saudi Arabia
| coordinates           = {{coord|24|28|6|N|39|36|39|E|type:landmark_region:SA|display=inline,title}}
| map_size              = 250
| map_caption           = Location in Saudi Arabia
| map_relief            = 1
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
| location              = Al-Haram, Al-[[Medina]]h 42311, Al-[[Hejaz]]
| tradition             = [[Ziyarat|Ziyarah]]
| established           = {{start date and age|623}} CE (1 [[Anno Hegirae|AH]])
| country               = {{KSA}}
| administration        = [[General Presidency of Haramain]]
| status                = [[Mosque|Masjid]]
| functional_status     = Active
| leadership            = {{ubl|[[Abdul-Rahman Al-Sudais]] {{small|(President of the Affairs of the Two Holy Mosques)}}|[[Ali ibn Abdur-Rahman al Hudhaify]] {{small|(Chief [[Imam]])}}|Esam Bukhari {{small|(Chief Mu'athin)}}}}
| architecture_type     = [[Sacral architecture|Religious architecture]]
| architecture_style    = [[Islamic architecture]]
| religious_features_label = Religious features
| religious_features    = [[Green Dome]]
| founded_by            = [[Muhammad]]
| capacity              = 1,000,000 worshippers<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wmn.gov.sa/public/?page=page_927618|title=WMN|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref>
| dome_quantity         = Many
| minaret_quantity      = 10
| minaret_height        = {{convert|105|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| inscriptions          = Verses from the [[Quran]] and the [[Names of God in Islam|names of Allah]] and [[Names and titles of Muhammad|Muhammad]]
| website               = {{URL|https://wmn.gov.sa/}}
}}

The '''Prophet's Mosque''' ({{langx|ar|{{Script|Arab|ٱلْمَسْجِد ٱلنَّبَوِي}}|translit=al-Masjid al-Nabawī|lit=Mosque of the Prophet}}) is the [[List of the oldest mosques|second mosque]] built by the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]] in [[Medina]], after the [[Quba Mosque]], as well as the second [[List of large mosques|largest mosque]] and [[Holiest sites in Islam|holiest site in Islam]], after the [[Masjid al-Haram]] in [[Mecca]], in the [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] region of the [[Hejaz]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslav |title=The Siege of Mecca: The 1979 Uprising at Islam's Holiest Shrine |place=New York |year=2008 |page=79 |isbn=978-0-307-47290-8}}</ref> The mosque is located at the heart of Medina, and is a major site of [[Ziyarat|pilgrimage]] that falls under the purview of the [[Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques]].

[[Muhammad]] himself was involved in the construction of the mosque. At the time, the mosque's land belonged to two young orphans, Sahl and Suhayl, and when they learned that Muhammad wished to acquire their land to erect a mosque, they went to Muhammad and offered the land to him as a gift; Muhammad insisted on paying a price for the land because they were orphaned children. The price agreed upon was paid by [[Abu Ayyub al-Ansari]], who thus became the endower or donor ({{Langx|ar|وَاقِف|translit=wāqif}}) of the mosque, on behalf or in favor of Muhammad.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} al-Ansari also accommodated Muhammad upon [[Hijrah|his arrival at Medina]] in 622.

Originally an open-air building, the mosque served as a [[Community centre|community center]], a court of law, and a religious school. It contained a raised platform or pulpit (''[[minbar]]'') for the people who taught the [[Quran]] and for Muhammad to give the Friday sermon (''[[khutbah]]''). Subsequent Islamic rulers greatly expanded and decorated the mosque, [[Eponym|naming its walls, doors and minarets after themselves]] and their forefathers. After an expansion during the reign of the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] [[caliph]] [[al-Walid I]] ({{Reign|705|715}}), it now incorporates the final resting place of Muhammad and the first two [[Rashidun Caliphate|Rashidun caliphs]] [[Abu Bakr]] ({{Reign|632|634}}) and [[Umar]] ({{Reign|634|644}}).<ref name="Syed">{{harvnb|Ariffin|2005|pp=88–89,109}}</ref> One of the most notable features of the site is the [[Green Dome]] in the south-east corner of the mosque,<ref name="Peterson">{{Cite book |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-20387-3 |last=Petersen |first=Andrew |title=Dictionary of Islamic Architecture |date=11 March 2002 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofisla00andr/page/183 183] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofisla00andr/page/183 }}</ref> originally [[Aisha]]'s house,<ref name="Syed" /> where the tomb of Muhammad is located. Many pilgrims who perform the [[Hajj]] also go to Medina to [[Ziyarat|visit]] the Green Dome.

In 1909, under the reign of [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Sultan]] [[Abdul Hamid II]], it became the first place in the [[Arabian Peninsula]] to be provided with [[electric light|electrical lights]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The History of Electrical lights in the Arabian Peninsula|url=http://www.suhuf.net.sa/2001jaz/jul/3/ec19.htm|access-date=15 June 2020|archive-date=1 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001160159/http://www.suhuf.net.sa/2001jaz/jul/3/ec19.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> From the 14th century, the mosque was guarded by [[eunuch]]s, the last remaining guardians were photographed at the request of then-[[House of Saud#Third Saudi state|Prince]] [[Faisal bin Salman Al Saud]], and in 2015, only five were left.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2014 |title=Portrait of Saeed Adam Omar |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_2014-6048-8 |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=The British Museum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-12 |title='The Guardians' at Leighton House Museum |url=http://theparkgallery.com/exhibition/theguardians-leightonhouse/ |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=The Park Gallery |language=en-US}}</ref> It is generally open regardless of date or time, and has only been closed to visitors once in modern times, as Ramadan approached during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia|COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Farrell|first=Marwa Rashad, Stephen|date=24 April 2020|title=Islam's holiest sites emptied by coronavirus crisis as Ramadan begins|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-ramadan-idUKKCN22612J|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424095439/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-ramadan-idUKKCN22612J|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 24, 2020|access-date=12 September 2020}}</ref>