Editing Pyotr Wrangel (section)

{{Short description|Russian general (1878–1928)}}
{{For|people with the same family name|Wrangel}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{family name hatnote|Nikolayevich|Wrangel|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = [[Lieutenant General|General]]<br>[[Freiherr|Baron]]
| name                = Pyotr Wrangel
| native_name         = {{nobold|Пётр Врангель}}
| image               = File:Pyotr Wrangel 1920 (large).jpg
| image_size          = 
| caption             = Pyotr Wrangel, ''The Black Baron''
| nickname            = 
| birth_date          = {{OldStyleDate|August 27|1878|August 15}}
| birth_place         = [[Zarasai|Novalexandrovsk]], [[Zarasai County]], [[Kovno Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1928|04|25|1878|08|27|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[Brussels]], Belgium
| placeofburial       = 
| allegiance          = {{flag|Russian Empire}} (1902–1917) <br>{{flagicon| South Russia (1919–1920)}} [[White Movement]] (1917–1920)
| branch              = [[File:Russian Imperial Standart 1883.png|25px]] [[Imperial Russian Army]]<br>[[File:Flag of Russia (bordered).svg|25px]] [[White Army]]
| serviceyears        = 1902–1920
| rank                = [[File:1914-arm-p03r.png|35px]] [[Lieutenant General]]
| unit                = 
| commands            = [[Caucasus Army of VSUR|Caucasus Army of South Russia]]
| battles       = {{Tree list}}
*[[Russo-Japanese War]]
*[[World War I]]
**[[Battle of Galicia]]
**[[Gorlice–Tarnów offensive]]
**[[Brusilov offensive]]
*[[Russian Civil War]]
**[[Southern Front of the Russian Civil War]]
***[[Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919)]]
***[[Advance on Moscow (1919)]]
***[[Northern Taurida Operation]]
***[[Siege of Perekop (1920)]]
*[[Albanian–Yugoslav border war (1921)]]
{{tree list/end}}
| awards              = See [[#Honors|below]]
| relations           = 
| laterwork           = 
| signature           = PWSig.png
| office              = Commander-in-Chief of the [[Armed Forces of South Russia]]
| predecessor         = [[Anton Denikin]]
| successor           = ''Office disestablished''
| termstart           = 4 April 1920
| termend             = 21 November 1920
}}
[[Baron]] '''Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel''' ({{langx|ru|Пётр Николаевич Врангель}}, {{IPA|ru|ˈpʲɵtr nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ ˈvranɡʲɪlʲ|pron}}; {{langx|de|'''Peter von Wrangel'''}}; {{OldStyleDate|August 27|1878|August 15}}{{spaced ndash}}25 April 1928), also known by his nickname the '''Black Baron''', was a Russian military officer of [[Baltic Germans|Baltic German]] origin in the [[Imperial Russian Army]]. During the final phase of the [[Russian Civil War]], he was commanding general of the anti-Bolshevik [[White movement|White Army]] in [[South Russia (1919–1920)|Southern Russia]].

A member of the prominent [[Wrangel family|Wrangel noble family]], Pyotr Wrangel was educated as a mining engineer and volunteered in the [[Russian Imperial Guard]]. He served with distinction during [[World War I]] as a cavalry commander, reaching the rank of major general. After the [[February Revolution]] and Russia's exit from the war, Wrangel retired to [[Crimea]]. He was arrested by the [[Bolsheviks]] following the [[October Revolution]], but was soon released<ref>{{cite web |title=Wrangel, Petr Nikolaevich, Baron {{!}} International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1) |url=https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/wrangel_petr_nikolaevich_baron |website=encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Searching for Peter Wrangel |url=https://www.hoover.org/research/searching-peter-wrangel |website=Hoover Institution |language=en}}</ref> and later escaped and joined the anti-Bolshevik [[Volunteer Army]] of the [[White movement]]. In 1918, he became [[Anton Denikin]]'s chief of staff in the [[Armed Forces of South Russia]].

Wrangel succeeded Denikin as commander-in-chief of the White forces in Crimea in April 1920. As head of the [[South Russia (1919–1920)|South Russia]] military government, he attempted to carry out sweeping land reforms, reorganised the White armies into a [[Army of Wrangel|Russian Army]] (more commonly known the Army of Wrangel), and established relations with [[Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War|anti-Bolshevik independence movements]]. Severely outnumbered by the [[Red Army]] and facing certain defeat, Wrangel organised a [[Evacuation of Crimea|mass evacuation from Crimea]] in 1920. Early in his exile he lived in [[Constantinople]] and [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Serbia]], and came to be known as one of the most prominent [[White émigré]]s.<ref name=rbth>{{cite web |author = Egorov, O. |url = https://www.rbth.com/history/331476-russian-white-generals |title = Meet Russian Imperial officers who almost stopped the Bolsheviks |publisher = Russia Beyond the Headlines |date = 27 December 2019 |access-date = 29 January 2020}}</ref> He relocated to [[Brussels]] in 1927 and died a year later.