Editing Quinone (section)

{{short description|Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|Quinones|Quiñónez{{!}}Quiñones|Quinine|Hydroquinone}}
The '''quinones''' are a class of [[organic compound]]s that are formally "derived from [[aromatic]] compounds [such as [[benzene]] or [[naphthalene]]] by conversion of an even number of –CH=  groups into –C(=O)– groups with any necessary rearrangement of [[double bond]]s", resulting in "a fully [[Conjugated system|conjugated]] cyclic [[diketone|dione]] structure".<ref>{{GoldBookRef| title=Quinones| file=Q05015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1002/9780470772119|title=The Quinonoid Compounds: Vol. 1 (1988)|year=1988|isbn=9780470772119|editor1-last=Patai|editor1-first=Saul|editor2-last=Rappoport|editor2-first=Zvi}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1002/9780470772126|title=The Quinonoid Compounds: Vol. 2 (1988)|year=1988|isbn=9780470772126|editor1-last=Patai|editor1-first=Saul|editor2-last=Rappoport|editor2-first=Zvi}}</ref>
The archetypical member of the class is [[1,4-benzoquinone]] or cyclohexadienedione, often called simply "quinone" (thus the name of the class). Other important examples are [[1,2-benzoquinone]] ('''''ortho''-quinone'''), [[1,4-naphthoquinone]] and [[anthraquinone|9,10-anthraquinone]].

The name is derived from that of [[quinic acid]] (with the suffix "-one" indicating a ketone), since it is one of the compounds obtained upon oxidation of quinic acid.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zfnmAAAAMAAJ&dq=quinone&pg=PA152|title=The Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science|date=1773|publisher=Griffin, Bohn and Company|language=en}}</ref> Quinic acid, like [[quinine]] is obtained from [[cinchona bark]], called [[wikt:quinaquina|quinaquina]] in the indigenous languages of Peruvian tribes.