Editing R4M (section)

{{Infobox weapon
 | name              = R4M rocket
 | image             = File:R4M.jpg
 | image_size        = 300
 | caption           = R4M "Orkan" on display at the [[German Museum of Technology]]
 | origin            = Germany
 | type              = [[Rocket]]
<!-- Type selection -->
 | is_ranged         = yes
 | is_bladed         = 
 | is_explosive      = yes
 | is_artillery      = 
 | is_vehicle        = 
 | is_UK             = 
<!-- Service history -->
 | service           = 1944-1945
 | used_by           = [[Luftwaffe]]
 | wars              = [[World War II]]
<!-- Production history -->
 | designer          = 
 | design_date       = 1944
 | manufacturer      = [[Heber AG]], [[Osterode am Harz|Osterode]], Germany
 | production_date   = 
 | number            = 
 | variants          = R4M ([[Air-to-air rocket|air-to-air]])<ref name="ABC" /><br>R4HL ([[Air-to-ground rocket|air-to-ground]])<ref name="ABC" />
<!-- General specifications -->
 | weight            = {{convert|3.85|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}<ref name="ABC" />
 | length            = {{convert|812|mm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}<ref name="ABC" />
 | part_length       = 
 | width             = {{convert|55|mm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}<ref name="ABC" />
 | height            = 
 | crew              = 
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
 | cartridge         = 
 | caliber           = 
 | action            = 
 | rate              = 
 | velocity          = {{convert|525|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}<ref name="ABC" />
 | range             = {{convert|600-1000|m|yd|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
 | max_range         = {{convert|1500|m|yd|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}<ref name="ABC" />
 | feed              = 
 | sights            = 
<!-- Explosive specifications -->
 | diameter          = 
 | filling           = HTA 41{{efn|name=HTA|HTA 41 composition: 40% [[Hexogen]] ([[RDX]]), 45% [[TNT]] and 15% [[aluminium]]<ref name="HTA" />}}><ref name="ABC" /> ([[torpex]])
 | filling_weight    = {{convert|520|g|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}<ref name="HTA" />
 | detonation        = 
 | yield             = 
}}
[[File:Me 262 with R4M installation.JPG|thumb|Me 262 with R4M underwing rockets on display at the [[Technikmuseum Speyer]], Germany]]
[[File:Messerschmitt Me 262 at the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum 2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Me 262 with R4M underwing rockets on display at the [[Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum]], United States]]
[[File:B-24 Destroyed.jpg|thumb|A [[Consolidated B-24 Liberator|B-24]] shot down by [[Rudolf Rademacher]] with the R4M]]

'''R4M''', abbreviation for ''Rakete, 4 kilogramm, Minenkopf'' ({{langx|en|Rocket, 4 kilogram, Mine-head}}),<ref name="ABC">{{cite web|title=R4M Orkan|url=http://www.germanluftwaffe.com:80/archiv/Dokumente/ABC/f/Flakraketen/R4M%20Orkan/R4M%20Orkan.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319104249/http://www.germanluftwaffe.com:80/archiv/Dokumente/ABC/f/Flakraketen/R4M%20Orkan/R4M%20Orkan.html|archive-date=2018-03-19|access-date=2021-06-22|website=germanluftwaffe}}</ref> also known by the nickname ''Orkan'' ({{langx|en|Hurricane}}) due to its distinctive smoke trail when fired, was a folding-fin [[air-to-air rocket]] used by the [[Luftwaffe]] at the end of [[World War II]].

The R4M was used on several late war German combat aircraft, most notably the [[Messerschmitt Me 262]], and could be fired from open ramps under aircraft wings or from tubes inside under-wing [[rocket pod]]s.<ref name="ABC" /> It featured a high capacity "[[mine shell]]" equivalent [[warhead]] filled with {{convert|520|g|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} of the explosive-mixture ''HTA 41''<ref name="ABC" /> (also known as ''HTA 15''),<ref name="HTA">{{cite book|last=Koch|first=Ernst-Christian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOsUEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22HTA+41%22+TNT+Aluminium+Hexogen&pg=PA396|title=High Explosives, Propellants, Pyrotechnics|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG|date=2021-01-18|pages=936, 937|isbn=9783110660562}}</ref> which consists of 40% [[Hexogen]] ([[RDX]]), 45% [[TNT]] and 15% [[aluminium]].<ref name="HTA" /> The shell-walls of the warhead were only {{convert|0.8|mm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} thick.<ref name="ABC" />

Besides the air-to-air warhead the rocket could also be outfitted with [[shaped charge]] warheads for air-to-ground use, then called R4HL for ''hohlladung'' ({{langx|en|[[hollow charge]]}}).<ref name="ABC" /> These warheads were called ''[[Panzerblitz (missile)|Panzerblitz]]'' ({{langx|en|Armor-lightning}}) and existed in two primary versions: ''Panzerblitz&nbsp;2'' (''PB&nbsp;2''), consisting of an 88&nbsp;mm [[Panzerschreck]] warhead fitted with a ballistic cap, and ''Panzerblitz&nbsp;3'' (''PB&nbsp;3''), consisting of the original 55&nbsp;mm mine-warhead modified to be a shaped-charge.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Panzerschreck ammunition, Alternative use|url=https://www.bergflak.com/psammo.html|access-date=2021-06-22|website=bergflak.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Unknown! N.5|author1=J. Miranda |author2=P. Mercado }}</ref>