Editing ROSAT (section)

{{Short description|Satellite X-ray telescope}}
{{about|the X-ray telecope ROSAT|the Roman Catholic bishop|Adalberto Arturo Rosat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name               = Röntgensatellit
| names_list         = ROSAT

<!--image of the spacecraft/mission-->| image              = Delta 6920-10 launch with ROSAT.jpg
| image_caption      = Launch of the ROSAT in [[Cape Canaveral]], [[Florida]].
| image_alt          = <!--image alt text-->
| image_size         = <!--include px/em; defaults to 220px-->

<!--Basic details-->| mission_type       = Space Telescope
| operator           = [[German Aerospace Center|DLR]] / [[NASA]]
| Harvard_designation = <!--spacecraft launched 1962 and earlier only (e.g. 1957 Alpha 2)-->
| COSPAR_ID          = 1990-049A
| SATCAT             = 20638
| website            = {{URL|http://www.dlr.de/en/rosat}}
| mission_duration   = 8 years and 8 months
| distance_travelled = <!--How far the spacecraft travelled (if known)-->
| orbits_completed   = <!--number of times the spacecraft orbited the Earth - see below for spacecraft beyond Earth orbit-->
| suborbital_range   = <!--downrange distance reached if spacecraft did not enter orbit-->
| suborbital_apogee  = <!--altitude reached if spacecraft did not enter orbit-->

<!--Spacecraft properties-->| spacecraft         = <!--Spacecraft name/serial number (e.g. Space Shuttle ''Discovery'', Apollo CM-118), etc-->
| spacecraft_type    = <!--e.g. GPS Block II, Kobalt-M, US-K, etc-->
| spacecraft_bus     = <!--e.g. A2100M, Star-2, etc-->
| manufacturer       = <!--company or companies who built the satellite-->
| launch_mass        = {{convert|2421|kg}}
| BOL_mass           = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit at beginning of operational life, after LEOP phase-->
| landing_mass       = <!--Mass after landing (recovered spacecraft only)-->
| dry_mass           = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit without fuel-->
| payload_mass       = <!--Mass of cargo carried by spacecraft (e.g. for Space Shuttle), or total mass of instrumentation/equipment/experiments for mission-->
| dimensions         = 
| power              = <!--end-of-life power, in watts-->

<!--Expedition details-->| space_station      = <!--space station the expedition occurred aboard-->
| start_date         = <!--date the crew took command of the station-->
| end_date           = <!--date the crew ceased command of the station-->
| arrival_craft      = <!--spacecraft the crew arrived aboard-->
| departure_craft    = <!--spacecraft the crew departed aboard-->

<!--Crew details-->| crew_size          = <!--number of astronauts/cosmonauts aboard the spacecraft-->
| crew_members       = <!--crew who launched AND landed aboard the spacecraft-->
| crew_launching     = <!--crew who only launched aboard the spacecraft-->
| crew_landing       = <!--crew who only landed aboard the spacecraft-->
| crew_callsign      = <!--spacecraft's callsign-->
| crew_expedition    = <!--space station expedition(s) the mission was in support of, do NOT use if the mission is an expedition itself-->
| crew_EVAs          = <!--number of EVAs conducted during the mission-->
| crew_EVA_duration  = <!--time spent on EVA-->
| crew_photo         = <!--omit the "file" prefix-->
| crew_photo_alt     = <!--alt text for image-->
| crew_photo_caption = <!--image caption-->
| crew_photo_size    = <!--defaults to 220px-->

<!--Launch details-->| launch_date        = {{start date|df=yes|1990|06|01|21|48|00|7=Z}}
| launch_rocket      = [[Delta II]] 6920-10
| launch_site        = [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]] [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17|LC-17A]]
| launch_contractor  = <!--organisation(s) that conducted the launch (e.g. United Launch Alliance, Arianespace, etc)-->
| deployment_from    = <!--place where deployed from-->
| deployment_date    = <!--date deployed-->
| entered_service    = <!--date on which the spacecraft entered service, if it did not do so immediately after launch-->
<!-- * - e.g. Proton-M/Briz-M not Proton-M, but Titan IV(401)A not Titan IV(401)A-Centaur-->

<!--end of mission-->| disposal_type      = <!--Whether the spacecraft was deorbited, decommissioned, placed in a graveyard orbit, etc-->
| deactivated        = 12 February 1999 <!--when craft was decommissioned-->
| destroyed          = <!--when craft was destroyed (if other than by re-entry)-->
| last_contact       = <!--when last signal received if not decommissioned-->
| recovery_by        = <!--recovered by-->
| recovery_date      = <!--recovery date-->
| decay_date         = {{end date|2011|10|23|23|00|00|7=Z|df=yes}}
| landing_date       = <!--when the spacecraft made a controlled landing, not needed if it did not return intact-->
| landing_site       = <!--where the craft landed; site/runway or coordinates-->
<!--
    The following template should be used for ONE of the three above fields "end_of_mission", "decay" or "landing" if the spacecraft is no longer operational.
    If it landed intact, use it for the landing time, otherwise for the date it ceased operations, or the decay date if it was still operational when it re-entered.
    {{end date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|hh|mm|ss|TZ=Z}} (for Zulu/UTC) or {{end date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} (if time unknown) 
-->

<!--orbit parameters-->
<!--as science-related articles, SI units should be the principal units of measurement, however we usually use {{convert}} to display imperial units in parentheses after the initial values-->| orbit_reference    = [[Geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime       = <!--high, low, medium, molniya, GSO - please link (e.g. [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]] - please don't use acronyms-->
| orbit_longitude    = <!--geosynchronous satellites only-->
| orbit_slot         = <!--Designation of orbital position or slot, if not longitude (e.g plane and position of a GPS satellite)-->
| orbit_semimajor    = <!--semimajor axis-->
| orbit_eccentricity = 0
| orbit_periapsis    = {{convert|580|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="nssdc catalog">{{cite web|title=ROSAT space craft details|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-049A|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref>
| orbit_apoapsis     = {{convert|580|km|abbr=on}}
| orbit_inclination  = 53°
| orbit_period       = 96&nbsp;min
| orbit_RAAN         = <!--right ascension of the ascending node-->
| orbit_arg_periapsis = <!--argument of perigee/periapsis-->
| orbit_mean_anomaly = <!--mean anomaly at epoch, only use in conjunction with an epoch value-->
| orbit_mean_motion  = <!--mean motion of the satellite, usually measured in orbits per day-->
| orbit_repeat       = <!--repeat interval/revisit time-->
| orbit_velocity     = <!--speed at which the spacecraft was travelling at epoch - only use for spacecraft with low orbital eccentricity-->
| orbit_epoch        = 1990-06-01
| orbit_rev_number   = <!--revolution number-->
| apsis              = gee

<!--Telescope parameters-->| instrument_type    = 
| telescope_name     = <!--name, if different to the satellite-->
| telescope_type     = [[Wolter telescope|Wolter I]]
| telescope_diameter = {{convert|84|cm}}
| telescope_focal_length = {{convert|240|cm}}
| telescope_area     = <!--collecting area-->
| telescope_wavelength = 30-0.06&nbsp;nm, [[X-ray]]s and [[Extreme Ultraviolet]]
| telescope_resolution = 5 [[arc second|arc-s]] at half energy width<ref name="nssdc catalog"/>
| instruments        = Position Sensitive Proportional Counter<br />Wide Field Camera<br />High Resolution Imager

<!--transponder parameters-->| trans_band         = <!--Transponder frequency bands-->
| trans_frequency    = <!--specific frequencies-->
| trans_bandwidth    = <!--bandwidth-->
| trans_capacity     = <!--capacity of the transponders-->
| trans_coverage     = <!--area covered-->
| trans_TWTA         = <!--TWTA output power-->
| trans_EIRP         = <!--equivalent isotropic power-->
| trans_HPBW         = <!--half-power beam width-->

<!--mission insignia or patch-->| insignia           = <!--omit the "file" prefix-->
| insignia_caption   = <!--image caption-->
| insignia_alt       = <!--image alt text-->
| insignia_size      = <!--include px/em; defaults to 180px-->
}}

'''ROSAT''' (short for '''Röntgensatellit'''; in German X-rays are called Röntgenstrahlen, in honour of [[Wilhelm Röntgen]]) was a [[German Aerospace Center]]-led satellite [[X-ray telescope]], with instruments built by [[West Germany]], the United Kingdom and the United States. It was launched on 1 June 1990, on a [[Delta II]] rocket from [[Cape Canaveral]], on what was initially designed as an 18-month mission, with provision for up to five years of operation. ROSAT operated for over eight years, finally shutting down on 12 February 1999.

In February 2011, it was reported that the {{convert|2400|kg|lb|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} satellite was unlikely to burn up entirely while re-entering the Earth's atmosphere due to the large amount of ceramics and glass used in construction. Parts as heavy as {{convert|400|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} could impact the surface.<ref name="Earth reentry">{{cite news|title=Drohender Absturz: Problem-Satellit beunruhigt Bundesregierung|newspaper=[[Der Spiegel]]|date=26 February 2011|language=de|url=http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/weltall/0,1518,747899,00.html|access-date=26 February 2011|last1=Seidler|first1=Christoph}}</ref> ROSAT eventually [[re-entry|re-entered]] the Earth's atmosphere on 23 October 2011 over the [[Bay of Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=DLR |title=ROSAT re-entered atmosphere over Bay of Bengal |url=https://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10081/151_read-1779/#/gallery/3578 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714192954/https://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10081/151_read-1779/#/gallery/3578 |archive-date=2018-07-14 |access-date=2018-07-14 |work=DLR Portal |language=en-GB}}</ref>