Editing RYB color model (section)

{{Short description|Subtractive color model}}
{{redirect|RYB}}
[[File:Chromatography 1841 Field.png|thumb|An RYB color chart from [[George Field (chemist)|George Field]]'s 1841 ''Chromatography; or, A treatise on colours and pigments: and of their powers in painting'']]
[[File:Síntesis sustractiva de colores.png|thumb|Comparison between CMYK model and RYB model: ideal CMY (a), printed CMY (b), RYB approximation (c)]]
[[File:Franciscus Aguilonius color scheme.png|thumb|The 1613 RYB color scheme of Franciscus Aguilonius (Francisci Agvilonii), with primaries yellow (flavus), red (rubeus), and blue (caeruleus) arranged between white (albus) and black (niger), with orange (aureus), green (viridis), and purple (purpureus) as combinations of two primaries]]
[[File:Le Blon three-color printing.png|thumb|Le Blon's 1725 description of mixing red, yellow, and blue paints or printing inks]]
[[File:Merimee-Chromatic Scale.jpg|thumb|Chromatic Scale (Echelle Chromatique), J. F. L Mérimée (1830, 1839)]]

'''RYB''' (an abbreviation of '''red–yellow–blue''') is a [[subtractive color]] model used in art and applied design in which [[red]], [[yellow]], and [[blue]] pigments are considered [[primary color]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gage |first1=John |title=Colour and Culture : Practice and Meaning from Antiquity to Abstraction |date=1995 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |place=London |isbn=978-0500278185}}</ref> Under [[traditional color theory]], this set of primary colors was advocated by [[Moses Harris]], [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]], [[Johannes Itten]] and [[Josef Albers]], and applied by countless artists and designers. The RYB color model underpinned the color curriculum of the [[Bauhaus]], [[Ulm School of Design]] and numerous art and design schools that were influenced by the Bauhaus, including the [[IIT Institute of Design]] (founded as the New Bauhaus), [[Black Mountain College]], Design Department [[Yale University]], the Shillito Design School, Sydney, and [[Parsons School of Design]], New York.

In this context, the term ''[[primary color]]'' refers to three exemplar colors (red, yellow, and blue) as opposed to specific pigments. As illustrated, in the RYB color model, red, yellow, and blue are intermixed to create [[secondary color]] segments of orange, green, and purple. This set of primary colors emerged at a time when access to a large range of pigments was limited by availability and cost, and it encouraged artists and designers to explore the many diverse colors through mixing and intermixing a limited range of pigment colors. In art and design education, gray, red, yellow, and blue pigments were usually augmented with white and black pigments, enabling the creation of a larger gamut of colors and details including [[tints and shades]].

Although scientifically obsolete because it does not meet the definition of a complementary color in which a neutral or black color must be mixed,{{clarification needed|date=December 2024}} it is still a model used in artistic environments, causing confusion about primary and complementary colors. It can be considered an approximation of the [[CMYK color model|CMY color model]].

The RYB color model relates specifically to color in the form of paint and pigment application in art and design.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gage |first1=John |title=Color and Meaning: Art, Science, and Symbolism |date=2000 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |place=London |isbn=978-0520226111}}</ref> Other common color models include the [[RGB color model|light model (RGB)]] and the paint, pigment and ink [[CMY color model]], which is much more accurate in terms of color gamut and intensity compared to the traditional RYB color model, the latter emerging in conjunction with the [[CMYK color model]] in the printing industry.