Editing R (programming language) (section)

{{Technical|introduction|date=May 2025}} 
{{Short description|Programming language for statistics}}
{{About|the programming language|the eighteenth letter of the English alphabet|R|other uses|R (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox programming language
| name = R
| logo = R logo.svg
| logo_size = 150px
| screenshot = R terminal.jpg
| screenshot_size = 250px
| screenshot caption = R terminal
| released = {{Start date and age|1993|08}}
| designer = [[Ross Ihaka]] and [[Robert Gentleman (statistician)|Robert Gentleman]]
| developer = R Core Team
| typing = [[dynamic typing|Dynamic]]
| influenced = [[Julia (programming language)|Julia]]<ref name="Introduction">{{cite web |url=https://docs.julialang.org/en/stable/manual/introduction/#man-introduction-1 |title=Introduction |work=The Julia Manual |access-date=2018-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620172516/https://docs.julialang.org/en/stable/manual/introduction/#man-introduction-1 |archive-date=20 June 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[pandas (software)|pandas]]<ref name="pandas">{{cite web|url=https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/getting_started/comparison/comparison_with_r.html|title=Comparison with R|access-date=2024-07-15|work=pandas Getting started}}</ref>
| platform = [[arm64]] and [[x86-64]]
| license = [[GNU GPL#Version 2|GPL-2.0-or-later]]<ref name="gnugpl" />
| website = {{URL|https://www.r-project.org/|r-project.org}}
| wikibooks = R Programming
| paradigms = [[Multi-paradigm programming language|Multi-paradigm]]: [[Procedural programming|procedural]], [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]], [[Functional programming|functional]], [[Reflective programming|reflective]], [[Imperative programming|imperative]], [[Array programming|array]]<ref name="Morandat">{{cite journal|last1=Morandat|first1=Frances|last2=Hill|first2=Brandon|last3=Osvald|first3=Leo|last4=Vitek|first4=Jan|date=11 June 2012|title=Evaluating the design of the R language: objects and functions for data analysis|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31057-7_6|journal=European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming|volume=2012|pages=104–131|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-31057-7_6|access-date=2016-05-17|via=SpringerLink|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
| latest release version = {{wikidata|property|edit|reference|P348|P548=Q2804309}}
| latest release date = {{start date and age|df=yes|{{wikidata|qualifier|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}}}
| latest preview version = {{wikidata|property|edit|reference|P348|P548=Q51930650}}
| latest preview date = {{start date and age|df=yes|{{wikidata|qualifier|P348|P548=Q51930650|P577}}}}
| influenced_by = {{startflatlist}}
* [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]]
* [[S (programming language)|S]]<ref name="R FAQ">{{Cite web |last1=Hornik |first1=Kurt |last2=The R Core Team |date=2022-04-12 |title=R FAQ |url=https://cran.r-project.org/doc/FAQ/R-FAQ.html#What-are-the-differences-between-R-and-S_003f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228045640/https://cran.r-project.org/doc/FAQ/R-FAQ.html |archive-date=2022-12-28 |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=[[R package#Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN)|The Comprehensive R Archive Network]] |at=3.3 What are the differences between R and S?}}</ref>
* [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]]<ref name="Morandat" />
{{endflatlist}}
| file_ext = {{Unbulleted list|.r<ref>{{Cite web|title=R scripts|url=http://mercury.webster.edu/aleshunas/R_learning_infrastructure/R%20scripts.html|access-date=2021-07-17|website=mercury.webster.edu}}</ref>|.rdata|.rhistory|.rds|.rda<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-09|title=R Data Format Family (.rdata, .rda)|url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000470.shtml|access-date=2021-07-17|website=Loc.gov}}</ref>}}
}}

'''R''' is a [[programming language]] for [[statistical computing]] and [[Data and information visualization|data visualization]]. It has been adopted in the [[Academic discipline|fields]] of [[data mining]], [[bioinformatics]] and [[data analysis]]/[[data science]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  |last1=Giorgi
  |first1=Federico M.
  |last2=Ceraolo
  |first2=Carmine
  |last3=Mercatelli
  |first3=Daniele
  |date=2022-04-27
  |title=The R Language: An Engine for Bioinformatics and Data Science
  |journal=Life
  |language=en
  |volume=12
  |issue=5
  |page=648
  |doi=10.3390/life12050648
  |pmid=35629316
  |pmc=9148156
  |bibcode=2022Life...12..648G
  |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The core ''R'' language is augmented by a large number of [[R package|extension software packages]], which contain [[Reusability|reusable code]], documentation, and sample data.

''R'' software is [[Open source|open-source]] and [[free software]]. R is a [[GNU Project]] and licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]].<ref name="gnugpl">{{Cite web |title=R - Free Software Directory |url=https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/R#tab=Details |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=directory.fsf.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=R: What is R? |url=https://www.r-project.org/about.html |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=www.r-project.org}}</ref> It is written primarily in [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Fortran]], and [[Self-hosting (compilers)|R itself]]. [[Preprocessor|Precompiled]] [[executable]]s are provided for various [[operating system]]s.

As an [[interpreted language]], ''R'' has a native [[command line interface]]. Moreover, multiple [[Third-party software component|third-party]] [[graphical user interface]]s are available, such as [[RStudio]]—an [[integrated development environment]]—and [[Jupyter]]—a [[notebook interface]].