Editing Reaction rate (section)

{{Short description|Speed at which a chemical reaction takes place}}
{{Infobox physical quantity
| name = Reaction rate
| symbols = ν
| unit = mol&sdot;L{{sup|-1}}&sdot;s{{sup|-1}}
| baseunits = mol&sdot;m{{sup|-3}}&sdot;s{{sup|-1}}
| dimension = L{{sup|-3}}&sdot;T{{sup|-1}}&sdot;N
}}

[[Image:Rust03102006.JPG|thumb|225px|Iron [[rusting]] has a ''low'' reaction rate. This process is slow.]]
[[File:Large bonfire.jpg|thumb|225px|Wood [[combustion]] has a ''high'' reaction rate. This process is fast.]]

The '''reaction rate''' or '''rate of reaction''' is the speed at which a [[chemical reaction]] takes place, defined as proportional to the increase in the [[concentration]] of a [[Product (chemistry)|product]] per unit time and to the decrease in the concentration of a [[reactant]] per unit time.<ref>{{Cite book|last=McMurry, John |title=Chemistry |author2=Fay, Robert C. |author3=Robinson, Jill K.|date=31 December 2014|isbn=978-0-321-94317-0|edition=Seventh|location=Boston|pages=492|oclc=889577526}}</ref>  Reaction rates can vary dramatically. For example, the [[Rusting#Chemical reactions|oxidative rusting]] of [[iron]] under [[Earth's atmosphere]] is a slow reaction that can take many years, but the combustion of [[cellulose]] in a fire is a reaction that takes place in fractions of a second. For most reactions, the rate decreases as the reaction proceeds. A reaction's rate can be determined by measuring the changes in concentration over time.

[[Chemical kinetics]] is the part of [[physical chemistry]] that concerns how rates of chemical reactions are measured and predicted, and how reaction-rate data can be used to deduce probable [[reaction mechanism]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Petrucci, Ralph H. |title=General chemistry: principles and modern applications |author2=Herring, F. Geoffrey |author3=Madura, Jeffry D. |author4=Bissonnette, Carey |date=4 February 2016 |isbn=978-0-13-293128-1|edition=Eleventh |location=Toronto|pages=923|oclc=951078429}}</ref> The concepts of chemical kinetics are applied in many disciplines, such as [[chemical engineering]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Silva|first1=Camylla K. S.|last2=Baston|first2=Eduardo P.|last3=Melgar|first3=Lisbeth Z.|last4=Bellido|first4=Jorge D. A.|date=2019-10-01|title=Ni/Al2O3-La2O3 catalysts synthesized by a one-step polymerization method applied to the dry reforming of methane: effect of precursor structures of nickel, perovskite and spinel|journal=Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis|language=en|volume=128|issue=1|pages=251–269|doi=10.1007/s11144-019-01644-3|s2cid=199407594|issn=1878-5204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Elizalde|first1=Ignacio|last2=Mederos|first2=Fabián S.|last3=del Carmen Monterrubio|first3=Ma.|last4=Casillas|first4=Ninfa|last5=Díaz|first5=Hugo|last6=Trejo|first6=Fernando|date=2019-02-01|title=Mathematical modeling and simulation of an industrial adiabatic trickle-bed reactor for upgrading heavy crude oil by hydrotreatment process|journal=Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis|language=en|volume=126|issue=1|pages=31–48|doi=10.1007/s11144-018-1489-7|s2cid=105735334|issn=1878-5204}}</ref> [[enzymology]] and [[environmental engineering]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Jiaqi|last2=Shen|first2=Meiqing|last3=Li|first3=Chenxu|last4=Wang|first4=Jianqiang|last5=Wang|first5=Jun|date=2019-10-01|title=Enhanced hydrothermal stability of a manganese metavanadate catalyst based on WO3–TiO2 for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3|journal=Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis|language=en|volume=128|issue=1|pages=175–191|doi=10.1007/s11144-019-01624-7|s2cid=199078451|issn=1878-5204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Xiaoliang|last2=Feng|first2=Jiangjiang|last3=Xu|first3=Zhigang|last4=Wang|first4=Junqiang|last5=Wang|first5=Yujie|last6=Zhao|first6=Wei|date=2019-10-01|title=Cerium modification for improving the performance of Cu-SSZ-13 in selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3|journal=Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis|language=en|volume=128|issue=1|pages=163–174|doi=10.1007/s11144-019-01621-w|s2cid=189874787|issn=1878-5204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Vedyagin|first1=Aleksey A.|last2=Stoyanovskii|first2=Vladimir O.|last3=Kenzhin|first3=Roman M.|last4=Slavinskaya|first4=Elena M.|last5=Plyusnin|first5=Pavel E.|last6=Shubin|first6=Yury V.|date=2019-06-01|title=Purification of gasoline exhaust gases using bimetallic Pd–Rh/δ-Al2O3 catalysts|journal=Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis|language=en|volume=127|issue=1|pages=137–148|doi=10.1007/s11144-019-01573-1|s2cid=145994544|issn=1878-5204}}</ref>