Editing Recalcitrant seed (section)

{{Short description|Plant seeds intolerant of drying or cold}}
[[Image:Apple mango and cross section edit1.jpg|thumb|Photo of one whole and one split mango displaying its seed, which is approximately 1/3 the size of the entire fruit]]
'''Recalcitrant seeds''' are [[seed]]s that do not survive drying and freezing during [[Ex situ conservation|''ex situ'' conservation]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/ncgrp/center_faq.htm#Q20 |access-date=2008-01-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819225241/http://www.ars-grin.gov/ncgrp/center_faq.htm |archive-date=August 19, 2007 }}</ref> By and large, these seeds cannot resist the effects of drying or temperatures less than 10 °C (50 °F); thus, they cannot be stored for long periods like [[orthodox seeds]] because they can lose their viability. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds include [[avocado]], [[mango]], [[mangosteen]], [[lychee]], [[Theobroma cacao|cocoa]], [[rubber tree]], some horticultural trees,<ref name="osu">{{cite web|title=Physiology of Recalcitrant Seeds|url=http://seedbiology.osu.edu/HCS631_files/12B%20Recalcitrant%20Seeds.pdf|format=PDF|last=Marcos-Filho|first=Julio|publisher=Ohio State University|access-date=December 3, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124220404/http://seedbiology.osu.edu/HCS631_files/12B%20Recalcitrant%20Seeds.pdf|archive-date=January 24, 2014}}</ref> aquatic plants such as ''[[Nymphaea caerulea]]''<ref name="freezing-nymph" />'','' and several plants used in traditional medicine, such as species of ''[[Virola]]'' and ''[[Pentaclethra]]''. Generally speaking, most tropical [[pioneer species]] have orthodox seeds but many [[climax species]] have recalcitrant or intermediate seeds.<ref>{{cite web| last = Flores| first = E.M.| author2 = J. A. Vozzo Editor| title = Ch 1. Seed Biology| work = Tropical Tree Seed Manual| publisher = USDA Forest Service| url = http://www.rngr.net/publications/ttsm/chapter-1-pages-1-30-seed-biology/| format = PDF| access-date = 2011-12-24| archive-date = 2017-07-12| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170712081940/https://rngr.net/publications/ttsm/chapter-1-pages-1-30-seed-biology| url-status = live}}</ref>