Editing Redbrick university (section)

{{short description|Term for British universities founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries}}
{{Redirect|Redbrick}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Civic university|municipal university}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}

[[File:Victoria Building, University of Liverpool 2019.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Victoria Building, University of Liverpool|Victoria Building]] of the [[University of Liverpool]] was the inspiration for the term "red brick university" which was coined by Professor [[Edgar Allison Peers]].]]
[[File:Aston_Webb_Hall,_Birmingham_University.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Aston Webb]] building, [[University of Birmingham]]]]
[[File:UMIST Sackville Street Building.jpg|thumb|250px|[[University of Manchester]]]]

A '''redbrick university''' (or '''red-brick university''') normally refers to one of the nine civic universities originally founded as university colleges in the major industrial cities of England in the second half of the 19th century.{{refn|The term was coined by Bruce Truscot (Edgar Allison Peers) in ''Red Brick University'', which states: "It is primarily with eight of the twelve English universities that this book is concerned: Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Nottingham, Reading and Sheffield" (p. 25) and, with respect to Durham, that "its Newcastle college, perhaps, can properly find a place in this survey" (p. 24).<ref name=Truscot1951>{{cite book|title=Red Brick University|publisher=Pelican|date=1951|author= Bruce Truscot|edition=2nd|pages=24–25}}</ref>}}<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526225331/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/staff/ppd/Newstaffinduction/AhistoryoftheHEenvironment/ |archive-date=26 May 2007 |url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/staff/ppd/Newstaffinduction/AhistoryoftheHEenvironment/ |title=A history of the HE environment |publisher=University of St Andrews }}</ref> 

However, with the 1960s proliferation of [[plate glass university|plate glass universities]] and the reclassification of polytechnics in the [[Further and Higher Education Act 1992]] as [[Post-1992 university|post-1992 universities]], all British universities founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in major cities are now sometimes referred to as "redbrick".<ref name=OED>{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/red-brick|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101161540/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/red-brick|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 January 2017|title=red-brick|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|work=Oxford Living Dictionaries|access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/redbrick-university|title=redbrick university|website=Collins Dictionary|access-date=3 April 2025}}</ref> 

Six of the original redbrick institutions, or their predecessor institutes, gained university status before [[World War I]] and were initially established as civic science or engineering colleges. Eight of the nine original institutions are members of the [[Russell Group]].<ref>[http://www.russellgroup.ac.uk/ Russell Group: Home<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>