Editing Regnal name (section)

{{short description|Name chosen by a reigning monarch, different from their original secular name}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2008}}

A '''regnal name''', '''regnant name''',<ref name=regnant /> or '''reign name''' is the name used by [[monarch]]s and [[pope]]s during their [[reign]]s and subsequently, historically. Since ancient times, some monarchs have chosen to use a different name from their original name when they accede to the monarchy. 
 
The regnal name is usually followed by a [[regnal number]], written as a [[Roman numeral]], to differentiate that monarch from others who have used the same name while ruling the same realm. In some cases, the monarch has more than one regnal name, but the regnal number is based on only one of those names, for example [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden]]. If a monarch reigns in more than one realm, they may carry different ordinals in each one, as some realms may have had different numbers of rulers of the same regnal name. For example, the same person was both [[James VI and I|King James VI of Scotland and King James I of England]].

The ordinal is not normally used for the first ruler of the name, but is used in historical references once the name is used again. Thus, [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]] of England was called simply "Elizabeth of England" until the accession of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] almost four centuries later in 1952; subsequent historical references to the earlier queen retroactively refer to her as Elizabeth I. However, [[Paul I of Russia|Tsar Paul I of Russia]], [[Umberto I of Italy|King Umberto I of Italy]], [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria]], [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|King Juan Carlos I of Spain]], [[Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia|Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia]] and [[Pope John Paul I]] all used the ordinal I (first) during their reigns, even if there was -- at least so far in the case of Paul of Russia, Franz Joseph of Austria, Juan Carlos of Spain or Haile Selassie of Ethiopia -- never a second ruler with the same name. In spoken English, such names are pronounced as "Elizabeth the First", "George the Sixth", etc.

In some countries in Asia, monarchs took or take [[Chinese era name|era names]]. While era names as such are not used in many monarchies, sometimes eras are named after a monarch (usually long-lived), or a succession of monarchs of the same name. This is customary; there is no formal or general rule. For example, the whole period during which a succession of four Georges ([[George I of Great Britain|George I]], [[George II of Great Britain|II]], [[George III of Great Britain|III]], and [[George IV|IV]]) of the Hanoverian dynasty reigned in Great Britain became known as the [[Georgian era]]. Conversely, although there were many Edwards, the [[Edwardian era]] always refers to the reign of [[Edward VII]] at the beginning of the 20th century.