Editing Retinal detachment (section)

{{Short description|Medical condition of the eye}}
{{Infobox medical condition
| name          = Retinal detachment
| image         = Human eye cross section detached retina.svg
| caption       = Cross section of retinal detachment
}}'''Retinal detachment''' is a condition where the [[retina]] pulls away from the tissue underneath it.<ref name="nhs">{{cite web |date=2020-12-16 |title=Detached retina (retinal detachment) |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/detached-retina-retinal-detachment/ |accessdate=2023-05-04 |website=www.nhs.co.uk |publisher=[[NHS]]}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Retinal detachment |encyclopedia=MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |publisher=National Institutes of Health |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001027.htm |access-date=2006-07-18 |date=2005}}</ref> It may start in a small area, but without quick treatment, it can spread across the entire retina, leading to serious [[Visual impairment|vision loss]] and possibly [[blindness]].<ref name=":9" /> Retinal detachment is a medical emergency that requires surgery.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" />

The [[retina]] is a thin layer at the back of the eye that processes visual information and sends it to the brain.<ref name=":3" /> When the retina detaches, common symptoms include seeing [[floater]]s, [[Photopsia|flashing lights]], a dark shadow in vision, and sudden blurry vision.<ref name="nhs" /><ref name=":2" /> The most common type of retinal detachment is rhegmatogenous, which occurs when a tear or hole in the retina lets fluid from the center of the eye get behind it, causing the retina to pull away.<ref name=":5" />

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is most commonly caused by [[posterior vitreous detachment]], a condition where the gel inside the eye breaks down and pulls on the retina.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":11">{{Citation |last1=Ahmed |first1=Faryal |title=Posterior Vitreous Detachment |date=2024 |work=StatPearls |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563273/ |access-date=2024-12-06 |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=33085420 |last2=Tripathy |first2=Koushik}}</ref> Risk factors include older age, nearsightedness ([[myopia]]), eye injury, [[cataract surgery]], and inflammation.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Lin |first1=Jonathan B. |last2=Narayanan |first2=Raja |last3=Philippakis |first3=Elise |last4=Yonekawa |first4=Yoshihiro |last5=Apte |first5=Rajendra S. |date=2024-03-14 |title=Retinal detachment |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41572-024-00501-5 |journal=Nature Reviews Disease Primers |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=18 |doi=10.1038/s41572-024-00501-5 |issn=2056-676X |pmid=38485969|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Retinal detachment is usually diagnosed through a [[Dilated fundus examination|dilated eye exam]].<ref name=":9" /> If needed, additional imaging tests can help confirm the diagnosis.<ref name=":1" /> Treatment involves surgery to reattach the retina, such as pneumatic retinopexy, [[vitrectomy]], or [[scleral buckling]].<ref name=":4" /> Prompt treatment is crucial to protect vision.<ref name=":1" />