Editing Retinoid (section)

{{Short description|Group of tetraterpenes}}
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[[File:Retinoids skeletal formulae.svg|thumb|upright=1.8|1st, 2nd, 3rd-generation retinoid compounds]]

The '''retinoids''' are a class of [[chemical compounds]] that are natural derivatives of [[vitamin A]] or are chemically related to it. Synthetic retinoids are utilized in cosmetic formulations, clinical [[dermatology]], and the treatment of some forms of cancer.<ref name="a355">{{cite journal | last1=Motamedi | first1=Melika | last2=Chehade | first2=Ahmad | last3=Sanghera | first3=Ravina | last4=Grewal | first4=Parbeer | title=A Clinician's Guide to Topical Retinoids | journal=Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery | volume=26 | issue=1 | date=2022 | issn=1203-4754 | pmid=34292058 | pmc=8750127 | doi=10.1177/12034754211035091 | doi-access=free | pages=71–78 }}</ref>

Retinoids have many important functions throughout the body, including in vision,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kiser PD, Golczak M, Palczewski K | title = Chemistry of the retinoid (visual) cycle | journal = Chemical Reviews | volume = 114 | issue = 1 | pages = 194–232 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 23905688 | pmc = 3858459 | doi = 10.1021/cr400107q}}{{open access}}</ref> regulation of skin proliferation and differentiation, growth of bone tissue, immune function,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hall JA, Grainger JR, Spencer SP, Belkaid Y | title = The role of retinoic acid in tolerance and immunity | journal = Immunity | volume = 35 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–22 | date = July 2011 | pmid = 21777796 | pmc = 3418663 | doi = 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.07.002 }}</ref> and male fertility.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Topping T, Griswold MD | title = Global Deletion of ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A2 Genes Does Not Affect Viability but Blocks Spermatogenesis | journal = Frontiers in Endocrinology | volume = 13 | pages = 871225 | date = 2022-04-28 | pmid = 35574006 | pmc = 9097449 | doi = 10.3389/fendo.2022.871225 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

The biology of retinoids is complex, having well-documented effectiveness in the management of conditions ranging from [[acute promyelocytic leukemia]] to [[acne]] to [[photoaging]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nagai |first1=Yuya |last2=Ambinder |first2=Alexander J. |title=The Promise of Retinoids in the Treatment of Cancer: Neither Burnt Out nor Fading Away |journal=Cancers |volume=15 |issue=14 |date=Jul 8, 2023 |issn=2072-6694 |pmid=37509198 |pmc=10377082 |doi=10.3390/cancers15143535 |doi-access=free |page=3535 }}</ref> On the other hand, retinoids may be involved in metabolic dysfunction and, at least in some forms, [[carcinogenesis]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Esposito M, Amory JK, Kang Y |title=The pathogenic role of retinoid nuclear receptor signaling in cancer and metabolic syndromes |journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=221 |issue=9 |page=e20240519 |date=September 2024 |pmid=39133222 |doi=10.1084/jem.20240519 |doi-access=free |pmc=11318670 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, Balmes J, Cullen MR, Meyskens FL, Omenn GS, Valanis B, Williams JH |title=The Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial: incidence of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality during 6-year follow-up after stopping beta-carotene and retinol supplements |journal=Journal of the National Cancer Institute |volume=96 |issue=23 |pages=1743–1750 |date=December 2004 |pmid=15572756 |doi=10.1093/jnci/djh320 }}</ref>