Editing Roller coaster inversion (section)

{{Short description|Roller coaster element}}
[[File:BGE-Loch Ness Monster.jpg|thumb|The famous interlocking loops on the [[Loch Ness Monster (roller coaster)|Loch Ness Monster coaster]] at [[Busch Gardens Williamsburg]]]]

A '''roller coaster inversion''' is a [[roller coaster element]] in which the track turns riders upside-down and then returns them to an upright position. Early forms of inversions were circular in nature and date back to 1848 on the [[Centrifugal railway]] in Paris. These [[vertical loop]]s produced massive [[g-force]] that was often dangerous to riders. As a result, the element eventually became non-existent with the last rides to feature the looping inversions being dismantled during the [[Great Depression]]. In 1975, designers from [[Arrow Development]] created the [[Roller coaster element#Corkscrew|corkscrew]], reviving interest in the inversion during the modern age of steel roller coasters. Elements have since evolved from simple corkscrews and vertical loops to more complex inversions such as [[Immelmann loop]]s and [[cobra roll]]s. [[The Smiler]] at [[Alton Towers]] holds the world record for the number of inversions on a roller coaster with 14.<ref name="cg">{{cite web |url=http://www.coasterglobe.com/features/history-inversion/index.cfm |title=The History of the Inversion |access-date=2007-08-23 |author=Kay, James |year=2007 |work=CoasterGlobe |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928110910/http://www.coasterglobe.com/features/history-inversion/index.cfm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-09-28}}</ref><ref name="dict">{{cite web |url=http://www.sixflagshouston.com/dictionary/ |title=Roller coaster dictionary |access-date=2007-08-23 |year=2007 |work=[[Six Flags Astroworld|Six Flags Houston]] fan site |archive-date=2007-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829141550/http://sixflagshouston.com/dictionary/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Most track inversions in a rollercoaster|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/1/largest-number-of-track-inversions-in-a-roller-coaster|publisher=Guinness World Records|access-date=16 May 2013}}</ref>