Editing Romanian language (section)

{{Short description|Eastern Romance language}}
{{distinguish|text = the [[Romani language|Romani]], [[Romansh language|Romansh]], or [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]] languages}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Romanian
| altname          = Daco-Romanian
| nativename       = {{lang|ro|limba română}}, {{lang|ro|românește}}, {{lang|ro|română}}{{efn|ромынэ in [[Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet|Moldovan Cyrillic]], uniquely used in [[Transnistria]].}}
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|ro|roˈmɨnə|}}
| states           = [[Romania]], [[Moldova]]
| region           = [[Southeast Europe|Southeastern Europe]]<br>[[Eastern Europe]]<br>[[Central Europe]]
| ethnicity        = {{ubl|[[Romanians]]<br />{{small|(including [[Moldovans]])}}}}
| speakers         = {{sigfig|25.209690|2}} million
| date             = 2020
| ref              = e27
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2             = [[Italic languages|Italic]]
| fam3             = [[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
| fam4             = [[Latin]]
| fam5             = [[Romance languages|Romance]]
| fam6             = [[Eastern Romance languages|Eastern]]
| fam7             = [[Eastern Romance languages|Northern Romanian]]?{{efn|name=a|The internal classification of the Eastern Romance languages presented in Petrucci (1999) proposes a bipartite split into Northern and Southern branches, with the Northern branch splitting into Istro-Romanian and Daco-Romanian.{{sfn|Petrucci|1999|p=4}} By contrast, the classification presented within [[Glottolog]] v4.8 proposes a bipartite split between Aromanian and Northern Romanian, the latter of which is further split into Istro-Romanian and Eastern Romanian, from which Daco-Romanian and Megleno-Romanian are hypothesized to have split.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/east2714 |title=Glottolog 4.8 - Eastern Romance |date=2023-07-10 |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=[[Glottolog]] |last1=Hammarström |first1=Harald |publisher=[[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]] |author-link=Harald Hammarström |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |publication-place=[[Leipzig]] |doi=10.5281/zenodo.7398962 |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |author-link3=Martin Haspelmath |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian |doi-access=free |archive-date=21 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121043919/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/east2714 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| fam8             = [[Eastern Romance languages|Eastern Romanian]]?{{efn|name=a}}
| stand1           = [[Moldovan language|Moldovan]]
| dia1             = [[Transylvanian varieties of Romanian|Transylvanian]]
| dia2             = [[Crișana dialect|Crișana]]
| dia3             = [[Moldavian dialect|Moldavian]]
| dia4             = [[Banat Romanian dialect|Banat]]
| dia5             = [[Wallachian dialect|Wallachian]]
| dia6             = [[Maramureș dialect|Maramureș]]
| dia7             = [[Bukovinian Romanian dialect|Bukovinian]]
| dia8             = [[Oltenian dialect|Oltenian]]
| ancestor         = [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
| ancestor2        = [[Proto-Italic language|Proto-Italic]]
| ancestor3        = [[Old Latin]]
| ancestor4        = [[Vulgar Latin]]
| ancestor5        = [[Proto-Romance language|Proto-Romance]]
| ancestor6        = [[Common Romanian]]
| script           = *[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Romanian alphabet]])
* [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
** [[Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet]] ([[Transnistria]] only)
** [[Romanian Cyrillic alphabet]] (historical)
* [[Romanian Braille]]
| nation           = {{ubl|{{flag|Romania}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?den=act2_1&par1=1 |title=ARTICOLUL 13 – Constitutia României |website=Cdep.ro |access-date=2016-01-28 |archive-date=7 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907004110/http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?den=act2_1&par1=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>|{{flag|Moldova}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://protv.md/actualitate/modificat-si-in-constitutie-limba-de-stat-a-republicii-moldova-este-limba-romana-foto---2648619.html|title=Modificat și în Constituție: "Limba de stat a Republicii Moldova este limba română" – FOTO|publisher=[[ProTV Chișinău]]|date=30 March 2023|language=ro|access-date=2 April 2023|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331075620/https://protv.md/actualitate/modificat-si-in-constitutie-limba-de-stat-a-republicii-moldova-este-limba-romana-foto---2648619.html|url-status=live}}</ref>|''{{flag|Transnistria}}'' ({{small|as "[[Moldovan language|Moldovan]]"}})<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newsmaker.md/ro/cat-exista-transnistria-va-exista-limba-moldoveneasca-krasnoselski-despre-posibile-divergente-cu-chisinaul/|title="Cât există Transnistria, va exista "limba moldovenească". Krasnoselski, despre posibile divergențe cu Chișinăul|first=Stela|last=Untila|newspaper=NewsMaker|date=14 July 2021|language=ro|access-date=2 April 2023|archive-date=2 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402182649/https://newsmaker.md/ro/cat-exista-transnistria-va-exista-limba-moldoveneasca-krasnoselski-despre-posibile-divergente-cu-chisinaul/|url-status=live}}</ref>|{{flag|Vojvodina}} ([[Serbia]])<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.puma.vojvodina.gov.rs/etext.php?ID_mat=207 | title = Official use of languages and scripts in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina | publisher = Provincial Secretariat for Regulations, Administration and National Minorities | accessdate = 18 October 2010 | archive-date = 25 October 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201025083851/http://www.puma.vojvodina.gov.rs/etext.php?ID_mat=207 | url-status = live }}</ref>|{{flag|European Union}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://commission.europa.eu/about-european-commission/service-standards-and-principles/commissions-use-languages_en |title=The Commission's use of languages |access-date=2 April 2023 |archive-date=3 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403205756/https://commission.europa.eu/about-european-commission/service-standards-and-principles/commissions-use-languages_en |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| minority         = {{ubl|{{flag|Hungary}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/home/-/asset_publisher/VzXuex45jmKt/content/hungary-needs-to-strengthen-use-of-and-access-to-minority-languages?_101_INSTANCE_VzXuex45jmKt_viewMode=view/ |title=Hungary needs to strengthen use of and access to minority languages |publisher=[[Council of Europe]] |access-date=16 January 2019 |archive-date=27 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827104838/https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-charter-regional-or-minority-languages/home/-/asset_publisher/VzXuex45jmKt/content/hungary-needs-to-strengthen-use-of-and-access-to-minority-languages?_101_INSTANCE_VzXuex45jmKt_viewMode=view/ |url-status=live }}</ref>|{{flag|Serbia}} ({{small|both as Romanian and "[[Romanian language in Serbia|Vlach]]"}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npld.eu/news/latest-news/60/latest-council-of-europe-report-on-regional-or-minority-languages-in-serbia-published-/|title=Latest Council of Europe report on regional or minority Languages in Serbia published|publisher=The Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity|access-date=25 June 2015|archive-date=26 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626134700/http://www.npld.eu/news/latest-news/60/latest-council-of-europe-report-on-regional-or-minority-languages-in-serbia-published-/|url-status=dead}}</ref>|{{flag|Ukraine}} ({{small|both as Romanian and "Moldovan"}})<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.libertatea.ro/opinii/romanii-din-odesa-cernauti-si-chisinau-unirea-neasteptata-prin-limba-cum-ii-ajuta-pe-romanii-din-ucraina-inlocuirea-limbii-moldovenesti-cu-limba-romana-4472846|title=Cum îi ajută pe românii din Ucraina înlocuirea limbii "moldovenești" cu limba română|first=Marin|last=Gherman|newspaper=[[Libertatea]]|date=13 March 2023|language=ro|access-date=2 April 2023|archive-date=2 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402175637/https://www.libertatea.ro/opinii/romanii-din-odesa-cernauti-si-chisinau-unirea-neasteptata-prin-limba-cum-ii-ajuta-pe-romanii-din-ucraina-inlocuirea-limbii-moldovenesti-cu-limba-romana-4472846|url-status=live}}</ref>|{{flag|Russia}} ({{small|in Yermakovskoye village}})
}}
| agency           = [[Romanian Academy]]
| iso1             = ro
| iso2b            = rum
| iso2t            = ron
| iso3             = ron
| lingua           = 51-AAD-c (varieties: 51-AAD-ca to -ck)
| map              = Map Roumanophone World.png
| mapcaption       = Blue: region where Romanian is the dominant language. Cyan: areas with a notable minority of Romanian speakers.
| map2             = Idioma rumano.PNG
| mapcaption2      = Distribution of the Romanian language in Romania, Moldova and surroundings
| notice           = IPA
| glotto           = roma1327
| glottorefname    = Romanian
}}
[[File:Native from Bucharest, Romania speaking Romanian.webm|thumb|Native from [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]], speaking Romanian. The Romanian dialect from Bucharest is standard Romanian (from the region of [[Muntenia]], part of the historical [[Wallachia]]).]]

'''Romanian''' (obsolete spelling: '''Roumanian'''; {{langx|ro|label=[[endonym]]|limba română}} {{IPA|ro|ˈlimba roˈmɨnə||Ro-Limba_Română.ogg}}, or {{lang|ro|românește}} {{IPA|ro|romɨˈneʃte|}}, {{literal translation|in Romanian}}) is the official and main language of [[Romania]] and [[Moldova]]. Romanian is part of the [[Eastern Romance languages|Eastern Romance]] sub-branch of [[Romance languages]], a linguistic group that evolved from several dialects of [[Vulgar Latin]] which separated from the [[Italo-Western languages|Western Romance]] languages in the course of the period from the 5th to the 8th centuries.<ref>"Istoria limbii române" ("History of the Romanian Language"), II, Academia Română, Bucharest, 1969</ref> To distinguish it within the Eastern Romance languages, in comparative linguistics it is called ''[[#Dialects|Daco-Romanian]]'' as opposed to its closest relatives, [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]], [[Megleno-Romanian language|Megleno-Romanian]], and [[Istro-Romanian language|Istro-Romanian]]. It is also spoken as a [[minority language]] by stable communities in the countries surrounding Romania ([[Romanians in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Romanians in Hungary|Hungary]], [[Romanians in Serbia|Serbia]] and [[Romanians in Ukraine|Ukraine]]), and by the large [[Romanian diaspora]]. In total, it is spoken by 25 million people as a [[first language]].<ref name=e27/>

Romanian was also known as ''[[Moldovan language|Moldovan]]'' in Moldova, although the [[Constitutional Court of Moldova]] ruled in 2013 that "the official language of Moldova is Romanian".{{efn|The constitution of the Republic of Moldova referred to the country's language as ''Moldovan'', whilst the 1991 [[Moldovan Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] named the official language ''Romanian''. In December 2013, an official decision of the [[Constitutional Court of Moldova]] ruled that the Declaration of Independence takes precedence over the Constitution and that the state language is therefore Romanian, not 'Moldovan'. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131209102718/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/12/05/moldovan-court-rules-official-language-is-romanian-replacing-soviet-flavored/ "Moldovan court rules official language is 'Romanian,' replacing Soviet-flavored 'Moldovan'"].}} On 16 March 2023, the [[Moldovan Parliament]] approved a law on referring to the national language as Romanian in all legislative texts and the constitution. On 22 March, the president of Moldova, [[Maia Sandu]], promulgated the law.<ref name="romanian-law-prom">{{cite news |title=Președinta Maia Sandu a promulgat Legea care confirmă că limba de stat a Republicii Moldova este cea română |language=ro |publisher=Presidency of the Republic of Moldova |url=https://presedinte.md/rom/comunicate-de-presa/presedinta-maia-sandu-a-promulgat-legea-care-confirma-ca-limba-de-stat-a-republicii-moldova-este-cea-romna |quote=Astăzi am promulgat Legea care confirmă un adevăr istoric și incontestabil: limba de stat a Republicii Moldova este cea română. |trans-quote=Today I have promulgated the law that confirms a historical and indisputable truth: the state language of the Republic of Moldova is Romanian. }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>