Editing Roraima (section)

{{short description|State of Brazil}}
{{about|the Brazilian state|the homonymous mountain|Mount Roraima|the species of birds|Roraiman barbtail}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name               = Roraima
| official_name      =
| settlement_type    = [[States of Brazil|State]]
| image_skyline      =
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      =
| image_flag         = Bandeira de Roraima.svg
| flag_alt           = 
| image_shield       = Brasão_de_Roraima.svg
| shield_alt         = 23
| nickname           = 
| motto              = ''Amazônia: patrimônio dos brasileiros''<br/>([[English language|English]]: The Amazon: Brazilians' heritage)
| anthem             = [[:pt:Hino de Roraima|Hino de Roraima]]
| image_map          = Roraima in Brazil.svg
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = Location in Brazil
| coordinates        = {{coord|2|3|N|61|24|W|type:adm1st_region:BR-RR|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = [[Brazil]]
| established_title  =
| established_date   =
| established_title1 =
| established_date1  =
| founder            = 
| seat_type          = [[Capital (political)|Capital]] and largest city
| seat               = [[Boa Vista, Roraima|Boa Vista]]
| government_footnotes = 
| leader_title       = 
| leader_name        = 
| leader_title1      = [[Governor (Brazil)|Governor]]
| leader_name1       = [[Antonio Denarium]] ([[Progressistas|PP]])
| leader_title2      = Vice Governor
| leader_name2       = Edilson Damião ([[Republicans (Brazil)|REP]])
| leader_title3      = [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Senators]]
| leader_name3       = [[Chico Rodrigues]] ([[Brazilian Socialist Party|PSB]])<br>[[Hiran Gonçalves]] ([[Progressistas|PP]])<br>[[Mecias de Jesus]] ([[Republicans (Brazil)|REP]])
| unit_pref          = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes     = <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Roraima {{!}} Cities and States {{!}} IBGE|url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/cities-and-states/rr.html|access-date=2021-04-22|website=www.ibge.gov.br}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 223644.527
| area_rank          = [[List of Brazilian states by area|14th]]
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| population_total   = 636707
| population_as_of   = 2022
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census2022">{{Cite web|url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/|title=2022 Census Overview|language=pt}}</ref>
| population_rank    = [[List of Brazilian states by population|27th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_rank = [[List of Brazilian states by population density|27th]]
| population_demonym = Roraiman<br/>''Roraimense'' (pt)<ref name=":0" />
| population_note    = 
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="bge">{{Cite web |title=PIB por Unidade da Federação, 2021|url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html|website=ibge.gov.br}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Total
| demographics1_info1 = [[Brazilian real|R$]] 18.203 billion<br />([[US$]] 3.4 billion)
| demographics_type2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| demographics2_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| demographics2_title1 = Year
| demographics2_info1 = 2021
| demographics2_title2 = Category
| demographics2_info2 = 0.811<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil. Pnud Brasil, Ipea e FJP, 2022. |url=http://www.atlasbrasil.org.br/ranking |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=www.atlasbrasil.org.br}}</ref> – <span style="color:orange">medium</span> ([[List of Brazilian states by Human Development Index|20th]])
| timezone1          = [[Time in Brazil|AMT]]
| utc_offset1        = −4
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:BR|BR-RR]]
| postal_code_type   = [[Código de Endereçamento Postal|Postal Code]]
| postal_code        = 69300-000 to 69399-000
| website            = {{URL|https://portal.rr.gov.br/}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Roraima''' ({{IPA|pt-BR|ʁoˈɾajmɐ|lang|Pt-br Roraima.ogg}} {{IPA|pt-BR|ʁoˈɾɐ̃jmɐ|label=or}})<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-07-31|title=Qual o jeito correto de pronunciar Roraima?|url=https://super.abril.com.br/cultura/qual-o-jeito-correto-de-pronunciar-roraima/|language=pt-br|access-date=2021-05-13}}</ref> is one of the [[Federative units of Brazil|26 states]] of [[Brazil]]. Located in the country's [[North Region, Brazil|North Region]], it is the northernmost and most geographically and logistically isolated state in Brazil.<ref name=":25">{{Cite web|date=2011-07-07|title=Roraima - Características Físicas e Humanas|url=http://www.roraima.8m.com/eet.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707070519/http://www.roraima.8m.com/eet.html|archive-date=7 July 2011}}</ref> It is bordered by the state of [[Pará]] to the southeast, [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]] to the south and west, [[Venezuela]] to the north and northwest, and [[Guyana]] to the east.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Roraima|url=http://www.sogeografia.com.br/Conteudos/Estados/Roraima/|access-date=2021-04-24|website=Só Geografia|language=pt-br}}</ref>

The state covers an area of approximately {{convert|223644.527|km2|-2}},<ref name=":0" /> slightly larger than [[Belarus]], being the [[List of Brazilian states by area|fourteenth largest Brazilian state by area]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Áreas Territoriais {{!}} IBGE|url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/geociencias/organizacao-do-territorio/estrutura-territorial/15761-areas-dos-municipios.html?=&t=resolucoes-e-legislacao|access-date=2021-04-22|website=www.ibge.gov.br}}</ref> The city of [[Boa Vista, Roraima|Boa Vista]] is the capital and largest city in the state, and is the only capital in the country located entirely in the [[Northern Hemisphere]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Br |first1=Inaê |last2=RR |first2=ão e Jackson FélixDo G1 |date=2016-10-05 |title=Rorãima, Roráima? Veja curiosidades sobre estado que completa 28 anos |url=http://g1.globo.com/rr/roraima/noticia/2016/10/roraima-roraima-veja-curiosidades-sobre-estado-que-completa-28-anos.html |access-date=2021-04-22 |website=Roraima |language=pt-br}}</ref> [[Antonio Denarium|Antônio Denarium]], a member of the conservative [[Progressistas]] party, has been the governor of the state since 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conselhos aprovam intervenção em Roraima, e Temer assina decreto na 2ª feira, diz Etchgoyen |url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2018/12/08/conselhos-aprovam-intervencao-em-roraima-e-temer-assina-decreto-na-2a-feira-diz-etchgoyen.ghtml |access-date=2021-04-22 |website=G1 |date=8 December 2018 |language=pt-br}}</ref>

Roraima is the [[List of Brazilian states by population|least populous state in Brazil]], with an estimated population of 631,181 inhabitants as of 2020.<ref name=":0" /> It is also the state with the lowest [[population density]] in Brazil, with 2.01 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its economy, based mainly on the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], registers a high growth rate, although its [[Gross domestic product|Gross Domestic Product]] (GDP) is the lowest in the country, with [[Brazilian real|R$]] 16.024 billion, representing only 0.20% of the Brazilian economy.<ref name=":Sistema de Contas Regionais 2020">{{Cite web |title=Resumo por UF - Sistema de Contas Regionais 2020|url=https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-detalhe-de-midia.html?view=mediaibge&catid=2102&id=5987 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Agência de Notícias - IBGE |language=pt-BR}}</ref>

The history of Roraima is strongly linked to the [[Branco River]], which allowed the first [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] settlers to arrive in the region. The Branco River Valley's strategic position made it coveted by the [[English people|English]] and the [[Dutch people|Dutch]], who entered Brazil through the [[Guiana Shield]] in search of indigenous people to be [[Slavery|enslaved]]. The [[Spaniards]] also came to invade the northern part of the Branco River and the [[Uraricoera River]] through Venezuela. The Portuguese settlers defeated and expelled all invaders, establishing [[Portugal]]'s sovereignty over the region of Roraima and part of the Amazonas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Roraima|url=http://www.roraimavirtual.com.br/historia_rr.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20070519233720/http://www.roraimavirtual.com.br/historia_rr.htm|archive-date=19 May 2007|url-status=dead|access-date=February 14, 2016|website=Roraima virtual}}</ref>

As a result of [[crisis in Venezuela]] since the 2010s, Roraima has become the leading entry point for [[Venezuelan refugee crisis|Venezuelan refugees]] in Brazil. Displaced Venezuelans in Roraima are estimated to number around 100,000, approximately one-sixth of the state's population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Displaced Venezuelans struggle to survive in northern Brazil - Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/venezuela-bolivarian-republic/displaced-venezuelans-struggle-survive-northern-brazil |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=reliefweb.int |date=14 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref>