Editing Rosacea (section)

{{Short description|Skin condition, usually on the face}}
{{other uses}}
{{distinguish|Pityriasis rosea|Roseola|Rosaceae}}

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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2017}}

{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Rosacea
| image           = Rosacea.jpg
| caption         = Rosacea over the cheeks and nose<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sand |first1=M |last2=Sand |first2=D |last3=Thrandorf |first3=C |last4=Paech |first4=V |last5=Altmeyer |first5=P |last6=Bechara |first6=FG |title=Cutaneous lesions of the nose. |journal=Head & Face Medicine |date=4 June 2010 |volume=6 |pages=7 |doi=10.1186/1746-160X-6-7 |pmid=20525327|pmc=2903548 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| synonyms        = Acne rosacea
| field           = [[Dermatology]]
| pronounce       = {{IPAc-en|r|oʊ|ˈ|z|eɪ|ʃ|(|i|)|ə}}
| symptoms        = Facial [[erythema|redness]], [[edema|swelling]], and [[telangiectasia|small and superficial dilated blood vessels]]<ref name=Tuzun2014 /><ref name=NIH2016 />
| complications   = [[Rhinophyma]]<ref name=NIH2016 />
| onset           = 30{{ndash}}50 years old<ref name=Tuzun2014 />
| duration        = Long term<ref name=Tuzun2014 />
| types           = Erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, [[ocular rosacea|ocular]]<ref name=Tuzun2014 />
| causes          = Unknown<ref name=Tuzun2014 />
| risks           = Family history<ref name=NIH2016 />
| diagnosis       = Based on symptoms<ref name=Tuzun2014 />
| differential    = [[Acne]], [[perioral dermatitis]], [[seborrhoeic dermatitis]], [[dermatomyositis]], [[lupus]]<ref name=Tuzun2014 />
| prevention      =
| treatment       =
| medication      = [[Antibiotics]] either by mouth or applied to the skin<ref name=NIH2016 />
| prognosis       =
| frequency       = ~5%<ref name=Tuzun2014 />
| deaths          = 
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->

'''Rosacea''' is a [[Chronic (medicine)|long-term]] [[cutaneous condition|skin condition]] that typically affects the face.<ref name=Tuzun2014 /><ref name=NIH2016>{{cite web |title = Questions and Answers about Rosacea |url = https://www.niams.nih.gov/HEALTH_INFO/Rosacea/default.asp |website = www.niams.nih.gov |access-date = 5 June 2017 |language = en |date = April 2016 |url-status = live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513064456/https://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Rosacea/default.asp |archive-date = 13 May 2017 }}</ref> It results in [[erythema|redness]], [[pimple]]s, [[edema|swelling]], and [[telangiectasia|small and superficial dilated blood vessels]].<ref name=Tuzun2014>{{cite journal |vauthors = Tüzün Y, Wolf R, Kutlubay Z, Karakuş O, Engin B |title = Rosacea and rhinophyma |journal = Clinics in Dermatology |date = February 2014 |volume = 32 |issue = 1 |pages = 35–46 |pmid = 24314376 |doi = 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.05.024 }}</ref> Often, the nose, cheeks, forehead, and chin are most involved.<ref name=NIH2016 /> A red, enlarged nose may occur in severe disease, a condition known as [[rhinophyma]].<ref name=NIH2016 />

<!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
The cause of rosacea is unknown.<ref name=Tuzun2014 /> Risk factors are believed to include a family history of the condition.<ref name=NIH2016 /> Factors that may potentially worsen the condition include heat, exercise, sunlight, cold, spicy food, alcohol, [[menopause]], [[psychological stress]], or [[corticosteroid|steroid cream]] on the face.<ref name=NIH2016 /> Diagnosis is based on symptoms.<ref name=Tuzun2014 />

<!-- Treatment -->
While not curable, treatment usually improves symptoms.<ref name=NIH2016 /> Treatment is typically with [[metronidazole]], [[doxycycline]],  [[minocycline]], or [[tetracycline]].<ref name=BJD2015>{{cite journal |last1 = van Zuuren |first1 = EJ |last2 = Fedorowicz |first2 = Z |title = Interventions for rosacea: abridged updated Cochrane systematic review including GRADE assessments. |journal = The British Journal of Dermatology |date = September 2015 |volume = 173 |issue = 3 |pages = 651–62 |pmid = 26099423 |doi = 10.1111/bjd.13956 |s2cid = 41303286 }}</ref> When the eyes are affected, [[azithromycin]] eye drops may help.<ref>{{cite journal |title = Rosacea First choice treatments |journal = Prescrire International |date = May 2017 |volume = 182 |pages = 126–128 |url = http://english.prescrire.org/en/SummaryDetail.aspx?Issueid=182 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170910171617/http://english.prescrire.org/en/SummaryDetail.aspx?Issueid=182 |archive-date = 10 September 2017 }}</ref> Other treatments with tentative benefit include [[brimonidine]] cream, [[ivermectin]] cream, and [[isotretinoin]].<ref name=BJD2015 /> [[Dermabrasion]] or [[laser surgery]] may also be used.<ref name=NIH2016 /> The use of [[sunscreen]] is typically recommended.<ref name=NIH2016 />

<!-- Epidemiology and history -->
Rosacea affects between 1% and 10% of people.<ref name=Tuzun2014 /> Those affected are most often 30 to 50 years old and female.<ref name=Tuzun2014 /> Fair-skinned people seem to be more commonly affected.<ref name="Rainer">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rainer BM, Kang S, Chien AL |title=Rosacea: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment |journal=Dermatoendocrinol |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=e1361574 |date=2017 |pmid=29484096 |pmc=5821167 |doi=10.1080/19381980.2017.1361574 |url=}}</ref>  The condition was described in ''[[The Canterbury Tales]]'' in the 1300s, and possibly as early as the 200s BC by [[Theocritus]].<ref>{{cite book |last1 = Zouboulis |first1 = Christos C. |last2 = Katsambas |first2 = Andreas D. |last3 = Kligman |first3 = Albert M. |title = Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne and Rosacea |date = 2014 |publisher = Springer |isbn = 978-3-540-69375-8 |page = XXV |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vnQqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PR25 |language = en |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170910171616/https://books.google.ca/books?id=vnQqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PR25 |archive-date = 10 September 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1 = Schachner |first1 = Lawrence A. |last2 = Hansen |first2 = Ronald C. |title = Pediatric Dermatology E-Book |date = 2011 |publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn = 978-0-7234-3665-2 |page = 827 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tAlGLYplkacC&pg=PA827 |language = en |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170910171616/https://books.google.ca/books?id=tAlGLYplkacC&pg=PA827 |archive-date = 10 September 2017 }}</ref>