Editing Running (section)

{{Short description|Method of terrestrial locomotion allowing rapid movement on foot}}
{{distinguish|Gait}}
{{other uses|Run (disambiguation)|Runner (disambiguation)|Runners (disambiguation)|Running (disambiguation)}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
[[File:Runners JFK Memorial.jpg|thumb|[[Dallas Marathon]] runners passing by the [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial]] 12/15/2024]]
[[File:Ludovic and Lauren (8425515069).jpg|thumb|[[Marathon]] runners at [[Carlsbad Marathon]], US, 2013]]
[[File:Running form.ogv|thumb|Video of human running action]]

'''Running''' is a method of [[terrestrial locomotion]] by which humans and other animals move quickly on foot. Running is a [[gait]] with an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions).<ref>{{cite journal|title=Gait selection in the ostrich: mechanical and metabolic characteristics of walking and running with and without an aerial phase|date=22 May 2004|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences|volume=271|issue=1543|pages=1091–1099|doi=10.1098/rspb.2004.2702|pmid=15293864|pmc=1691699|last1=Rubenson|first1=Jonas|last2=Heliams|first2=Denham B.|last3=Lloyd|first3=David G.|last4=Fournier|first4=Paul A.}}</ref> This is in contrast to [[walking]], a slower form of movement where at least one foot is always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight, and the [[center of gravity]] vaults over the stance leg or legs in an [[inverted pendulum]] fashion.<ref name="Bie">Biewener, A. A. 2003. Animal Locomotion. Oxford University Press, US. {{ISBN|978-0-19-850022-3}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=yMaN9pk8QJAC&q=biomechanics+biewener books.google.com]</ref> A feature of a running body from the viewpoint of [[Spring mass system|spring-mass mechanics]] is that changes in [[Kinetic energy|kinetic]] and [[potential energy]] within a stride co-occur, with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Cavagna | first1 = G. A. | last2 = Saibene | first2 = F. P. | last3 = Margaria | first3 = R. | title = Mechanical Work in Running | journal = Journal of Applied Physiology | volume = 19 | issue = 2 | pages = 249–256 | year = 1964 | pmid = 14155290| doi=10.1152/jappl.1964.19.2.249}}</ref> The term "running" can refer to a variety of speeds ranging from [[jogging]] to [[Sprint (running)|sprinting]].

Running in humans is associated with improved health and [[life expectancy]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pedisic |first1=Zeljko |last2=Shrestha |first2=Nipun |last3=Kovalchik |first3=Stephanie |last4=Stamatakis |first4=Emmanuel |last5=Liangruenrom |first5=Nucharapon |last6=Grgic |first6=Jozo |last7=Titze |first7=Sylvia |last8=Biddle |first8=Stuart JH |last9=Bauman |first9=Adrian E |last10=Oja |first10=Pekka |title=Is running associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and is the more the better? A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine |date=4 November 2019 |volume=54 |issue=15 |pages=bjsports–2018–100493 |doi=10.1136/bjsports-2018-100493|pmid=31685526 |s2cid=207895264 |url=https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40291/1/Pedisic_etal%282020%29-Is_running_associated_with_alower_risk.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010190733/https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40291/1/Pedisic_etal%282020%29-Is_running_associated_with_alower_risk.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

It is hypothesized that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to run for long distances about 2.6&nbsp;million years ago, probably to [[Hunting|hunt animals]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://discovermagazine.com/2006/may/tramps-like-us|title=Born To Run – Humans can outrun nearly every other animal on the planet over long distances.|year=2006|page=3|work=Discover Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Heinrich |first=Bernd |date=7 May 2009 |title=Why we run: A natural history |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-0060958701}}</ref> Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas. Records of competitive [[racing]] date back to the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]] in [[Ireland]] between 632 BCE and 1171 BCE,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/galefit/running/0|title = Running &#124; the Gale Encyclopedia of Fitness - Credo Reference}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=What Is Sport: A Controversial Essay About Why Humans Play Sports|last=Alpha|first=Rob|publisher=BookBaby|year=2015|isbn=9781483555232}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://healthandfitnesshistory.com/explore-history/history-of-running/|title=History of Running|date=23 November 2018|website=Health and Fitness History|access-date=23 November 2018}}</ref> while the first recorded [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympic Games]] took place in 776 BCE. Running has been described as the world's most accessible sport.<ref>Soviet Sport: The Success Story. p. 49, V. Gerlitsyn, 1987</ref>
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