Editing Rustic bunting (section)

{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Kashiradaka-01.jpg
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name= iucn>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Emberiza rustica'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22720960A89641304 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720960A89641304.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| taxon = Emberiza rustica
| authority = [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1776
| range_map = EmberizaRusticaIUCN2019-2.png
| range_map_caption = Range of ''E. rustica''{{leftlegend|#00FF00|Breeding|outline=gray}}  {{leftlegend|#00FFFF|Passage|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#007FFF|Non-breeding|outline=gray}} 
}}

[[File:Emberiza rustica MHNT.ZOO.2011.11.219 Suomussalmi.jpg|thumb|''Emberiza rustica'' [[MHNT]]]]
The '''rustic bunting''' ('''''Emberiza rustica''''') is a [[passerine]] [[bird]] in the [[Emberiza|bunting]] family Emberizidae, a group now separated by most modern authors from the [[finch]]es, Fringillidae. The genus name ''Emberiza'' is from [[Old High German|Old German]] ''Embritz'', a bunting. The specific ''rustica'' is [[Latin]] for "rustic, simple".<ref name =job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A. | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher=Christopher Helm | location = London, United Kingdom | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n145 145], 344}}</ref>

The rustic bunting was first formally [[Species description]] described in 1776 by the [[Prussia|Prussian]] naturalist and explorer [[Peter Simon Pallas]] with [[Dauria]] give as the [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]]. This species is  classified in the genus ''[[Emberiza]]'', the typical buntings, in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Emberizidae]].<ref name = Avibase>{{cite web |url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=DA9746CE |title=Rustic Bunting ''Emberiza rustica'' Pallas, PS 1776 |access-date=7 April 2025 |work=Avibase |publisher=Denis Lepage}}</ref> Within ''Emberiza'' the rustic bunting is teh sister species to the [[little bunting]] (''E. pusilla'').<ref name=cai>{{Cite journal | last1=Cai | first1=T. | last2=Wu | first2=G. | last3=Sun | first3=L. | last4=Zhang | first4=Y. | last5=Peng | first5=Z. | last6=Guo | first6=Y. | last7=Liu | first7=X. | last8=Pan | first8=T. | last9=Chang | first9=J. | last10=Sun | first10=Z. | last11=Zhang | first11=B. | title=Biogeography and diversification of Old World buntings (Aves: Emberizidae): radiation in open habitats | journal=Journal of Avian Biology | year=2021 | volume=52 | issue=6 | doi=10.1111/jav.02672| s2cid=236608560 }}</ref>

There are two subspecies:<ref name = Avibase/>
* ''Emberiza rustica rustica'': breeds in the [[taiga]] over most of Eurasia from Scandinavia to Siberia.
* ''Emberiza rustica latifascia'': breeds in far eastern Siberia from [[Sakha Republic|Yakutsk]] to [[Kamchatka]].

It breeds across the northern [[Palearctic]]. It is [[bird migration|migratory]], wintering in south-east Asia, Japan, Korea, and eastern China. It is a rare wanderer to western Europe.<ref name = Avibase/><ref name = iucn/>

It breeds in wet [[conifer]]ous woodland. Four to six eggs are laid in a nest in a bush or on the ground. Its natural food consists of seeds, and when feeding young, insects.<ref name = Byers>{{cite book |author=Clive Byers |author2=Urban Olsson |author3=Jon Curson |year=1995 |title=Buntings and Sparrows: A Guide to the Buntings and North American Sparrows | publisher=Pica Press |isbn=1873403194 |pages=161-164}}</ref>

This bird is similar in size to a [[reed bunting]]. It has white underparts with reddish flank, pink legs and a pink lower mandible. The summer male has a black head with a white throat and supercilium and a reddish breast band.<ref name = Byers/>

The female has a heavily streaked brown back and brown face with a whitish supercilium. She resembles a female reed bunting, but has the reddish flank streaks, a chestnut nape and a pink, not grey, lower mandible.<ref name = Byers/>

The call is a ''zit'', similar to that of a [[song thrush]] (''Turdus philomelos''), and the song is a melancholic ''delee-deloo-delee''.<ref name = Byers/>