Editing Rusyns (section)

{{Short description|East Slavic ethnic group}}
{{hatnote group|
{{Other uses| Rusyn (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|Russians}}
}}
{{hatnote group|
{{Redirect|Rusnak|people with the name|Rusnak (surname)}}
{{redirect|Rusins|the Latgalian duke|Rūsiņš}}
{{redirect|Russini|people with the name|Russini (surname)}}
{{redirect|Russins|the municipality in Switzerland|Russin}}
}}
{{MOS|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Carpatho-Rusyns
| image            = 
| pop              = 110,000–1,762,500{{efn|Magocsi estimated that as of 2012 there were 853,000 Rusyns in Ukraine (773,000 in Transcarpathia; 80,000 resettled Lemkos), 620,000 in the United States, 131,000 in Slovakia, 35,000 in Romania, 30,000 in Poland, 20,000 in Canada and Serbia respectively, 10,000 in Czechia, 6,000 in Hungary, 5,000 in Croatia, and 2,500 in Australia.}}{{sfn|Magocsi|2015|p=1}}
| region1          = {{flagcountry|Slovakia}}
| pop1             = 63,556–250,000 <small>(2021, 2012)</small>{{efn|63,556 people identified as Rusyn in the 2021 Slovak census. This includes 23,746 as primary ethnicity and 39,810 as secondary ethnicity.}}
| ref1             = {{sfn|Magocsi|2015|p=1}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Number of population by ethnicity in the Slovak Republic at 1 January 2021 |url=https://www.scitanie.sk/en/population/basic-results/ |publisher=Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic |access-date=21 January 2022 |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121225840/https://www.scitanie.sk/en/population/basic-results/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| region2          = {{flagcountry |Poland}}
| pop2             = 10,531–30,000 <small>(2011, 2012)</small>{{efn|According to the 2011 Polish census, 10,531 respondents identified as [[Lemkos]], separately from Rusyns.}}
| ref2             = {{sfn|Magocsi|2015|p=1}}<ref name="stat">{{cite web|url=https://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/LUD_ludnosc_stan_str_dem_spo_NSP2011.pdf|title=Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno społeczna|trans-title=State and structure of the social demographics of the population|language=pl|publisher=Central Statistical Office of Poland|date=2013|access-date=14 April 2013|page=91|archive-date=17 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417192753/http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/LUD_ludnosc_stan_str_dem_spo_NSP2011.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| region3          = {{flagcountry|Serbia}}
| pop3             = 11,483 <small>(2022)</small>
| ref3             = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://popis2022.stat.gov.rs/popisni-podaci-eksel-tabele/|title=ПОПИС 2022 - еxcел табеле &#124; О ПОПИСУ СТАНОВНИШТВА|access-date=2024-09-23}}</ref>
| region4          = {{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
| pop4             = 10,183<br><small>853,000 (2012 ancestry estimate)</small>{{efn|Of the 853,000 Rusyns Magocsi estimated to be in Ukraine as of 2012, 773,000 were in Transcarpathia and 80,000 were resettled Lemkos.}}
| ref4             = {{sfn|Magocsi|2015|p=1}}<ref name="Ukraine">{{cite web|url=https://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul2/select_5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.5W&k_t=00&p=0&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1|script-title=uk:Чисельність осіб окремих етнографічних груп украінського етносу та їх рідна мова|trans-title=Number of persons individual ethnographic groups of the Ukrainian ethnicity and their native language|language=uk|work=ukrcensus.gov.ua|date=2001|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191023/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul2/select_5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.5W&k_t=00&p=0&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1|url-status=live}} [https://haidamaka.org.ua/obr/maps/mapa2.jpg Карта говорiв української мови] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225092118/http://haidamaka.org.ua/obr/maps/mapa2.jpg |date=2021-02-25}}, 10 October 2008; [https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/1/001/007/088/88994.htm Энциклопедический словарь: В 86 томах с иллюстрациями и дополнительными материалами. Edited by Андреевский, И.Е. – Арсеньев, К.К. – Петрушевский, Ф.Ф. – Шевяков, В.Т., s.v. ''Русины''. Online version. Вологда, Russia: Вологодская областная универсальная научная библиотека, 2001 (1890–1907)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819222907/https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/1/001/007/088/88994.htm |date=2021-08-19}}, 10 October 2008; [https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rue Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Edited by Gordon, Raymond G. Jr., s.v. ''Rusyn''. Fifteenth edition. Online version. Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.: SIL International, 2008 (2005)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111153716/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rue |date=2022-01-11}}, 10 October 2008; [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720162001/https://www.eurominority.eu/version/eng/minority-detail.asp?id_minorities=208 Eurominority: Peoples in search of freedom. Edited by Bodlore-Penlaez, Mikael, s.v. ''Ruthenians''. Quimper, France: Organization for the European Minorities, 1999–2008], 10 October 2008.</ref>
| region7          = {{flagcountry |Croatia}}
| pop7             = 1,343 <small>(2021)</small>
| ref7             = <ref>{{Croatian Census 2021 | E |title=Population by ethnicity – Detailed classification | access-date = 2023-12-15}}</ref> <!-- https://podaci.dzs.hr/en/statistics/population/census/ -->
| region8          = {{flagcountry |Hungary}}
| pop8             = 2,342–6,000 <small>(2016, 2012)</small>
| ref8             = {{sfn|Magocsi|2015|p=1}}<ref name="KSH">{{cite report |last=Vukovich|first=Gabriella|url=https://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/mikrocenzus2016/mikrocenzus_2016_12.pdf|title=Mikrocenzus 2016 – 12. Nemzetiségi adatok|trans-title=2016 microcensus – 12. Ethnic data|language=hu|work=Hungarian Central Statistical Office|location=Budapest|year=2018|access-date=9 January 2019|isbn=978-963-235-542-9|archive-date=9 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109011815/http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/mikrocenzus2016/mikrocenzus_2016_12.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| region9          = {{nowrap|{{flagcountry |Czech Republic}}}}
| pop9             = 608–10,000 <small>(2021, 2012)</small>
| ref9             = {{sfn|Magocsi|2015|p=1}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Národnost – Sčítání 2021 |url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/scitani2021/narodnost |publisher=Czech Statistical Office |access-date=7 February 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115083026/https://www.czso.cz/csu/scitani2021/narodnost |url-status=live}}</ref>
| region5          = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States}}}}
| pop5             = 7,583<br><small>620,000 (2012 ancestry estimate)</small>
| ref5             = {{sfn|Magocsi|2015|p=1}}<ref>{{cite web|title=B04006: PEOPLE REPORTING ANCESTRY, 2019 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=ancestry&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B04006|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=31 August 2022}}</ref>
| region6          = {{flagcountry |Romania}}
| pop6             = 834 (2022)<ref>"Comunicat de presă
Primele date provizorii pentru Recensământul Populației și
Locuințelor, runda 2021", at https://web.archive.org/web/20221230125029/https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/cp-date-provizorii-rpl_2.pdf
 , p. 11.</ref> 4,090-14,000 (estimates)
| ref6             = {{sfn|Magocsi|2015|p=1}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Moser |first=Michael |chapter=Rusyn |editor1=Tomasz Kamusella |editor2=Motoki Nomachi |editor3=Catherine Gibson |title=The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages, Identities and Borders |year=2016 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=Basingstoke UK |language=en |page=132}}</ref><ref name="insse2">{{cite web |url=https://www.insse.ro/cms/files/rpl2002rezgen1/14.pdf |title=Populaţia după etnie |publisher=Institutul Naţional de Statistică |access-date=2011-10-28 |language=ro |archive-date=2012-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111091907/http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/rpl2002rezgen1/14.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="EMA ref">{{cite web |url=https://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/?pg=3&id=771 |title=Date naţionale |publisher=Erdélyi Magyar Adatbank |access-date=2011-10-28 |language=ro |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929201654/https://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/?pg=3&id=771 |archive-date=2011-09-29}}</ref>
| region10         = {{flagcountry |Russia}}
| pop10            = 225
| ref10            = <ref>{{cite web |title=НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ПО НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ И ВЛАДЕНИЮ РУССКИМ ЯЗЫКОМ |url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-03.pdf |publisher=Federal State Statistics Service of Russia |access-date=30 August 2022 |language=ru|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403003259/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-03.pdf |archive-date=2015-04-03}}</ref> <small>(2010)</small>
| region11         = {{flagcountry |Canada}}
| pop11            = {{estimation}} 20,000 <small>(2012)</small>
| ref11            = {{sfn|Magocsi|2015|p=1}}
| region12         = {{flagcountry |Australia}}
| pop12            = {{estimation}} 2,500 <small>(2012)</small>
| ref12            = {{sfn|Magocsi|2015|p=1}}
| langs            = [[Rusyn language|Rusyn]]{{·}}[[Pannonian Rusyn]]{{·}}[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]{{·}}[[Slovak language|Slovak]]<br />[[Polish language|Polish]]{{·}}[[Serbian language|Serbian]]{{·}}[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]{{·}}[[Romanian language|Romanian]]
| flag             = [[File:Flag of Rusyns 2007.svg|200px|border]]<br />
[[Rusyn_flag|Flag of Rusyns]], approved by the [[World Congress of Rusyns]] in 2007{{efn|The blue represents the deep skies, a perspective representation of the Carpathian mountains, hope for a better future, the colour of rational reasoning, freshness of the spirit and the body and undying diligence. The white represents traditional peacefulness, hospitability, kindness, tolerance, peace, moral and physical purity, high culture and the natural pacifism of Rusyns. The red represents all that lives and is beautiful, with the aesthetic ideal of Rusyns, and it symbolises energy and health in man.}}<ref>[http://okruhly-stol.sk/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/rusynska_symbolika_final.pdf]</ref><ref name="Academy">{{cite web|url=https://www.rusynacademy.sk/english/en-academy5.html|title=Academy of Rusyn Culture in the Slovak Republic: Rusyn Symbols|publisher=Academy of Rusyn Culture in the Slovak Republic|access-date=10 March 2021|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180902/http://rusynacademy.sk/english/en-academy5.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
[[File:Rusyn coat of arms.svg|80px]]<br />The Rusyn coat of arms, based on the coat of arms of [[Subcarpathian Rus]]{{efn|The red bear represents the Carpathian Mountains and the three gold bars the region's three major rivers: Uzh, Tysa and Latorytsia. Dark blue and gold are the region's traditional heraldic colors.}}<ref name="Academy" /><br />[[File:Greater coat of arms of Rusyns.png|185px]]<br />The Greater coat of arms of Rusyns, approved by the [[World Congress of Rusyns]] in 2023{{efn|The [[heraldic motto]] reads "I was, am, and will be a Rusyn"}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lem.fm/predsedom-skr-i-dalshy-dva-roky-bude-shtefan-lyavinets-delegaty-skhvalili-velikyj-erb/|title=At the 17th World Congress of Rusyns, the greater coat of arms of Rusyns was approved|publisher=At the 17th World Congress of Rusyns, the greater coat of arms of Rusyns was approved|date=19 August 2023}}</ref>
| rels             = Predominantly [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholic]]<br>{{small|([[Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church|Ruthenian Greek Catholic]])}}<br>minority [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
| related          = Other [[East Slavs]]<br>(primarily [[Ukrainians]])
| native_name      = 
| native_name_lang = 
}}

'''Rusyns''',{{efn|{{Langx|rue|Русины|translit=Rusynŷ|link=yes}}.}} also known as '''Carpatho-Rusyns''',{{efn|{{Langx|rue|Карпаторусины or Карпатьскы Русины|translit=Karpatorusynŷ or Karpaťskŷ Rusynŷ}}.}} '''Carpatho-Russians''',{{sfn|Magocsi|Pop|2005|pp=vii,58}} '''Ruthenians''', or '''Rusnaks''',{{efn|{{Langx|rue|Руснакы or Руснаци|translit=Rusnakŷ or Rusnacy}}.}} are an [[East Slavs|East Slavic]] ethnic group from the [[Carpathian Rus'|Eastern Carpathians]] in [[Central Europe]].<ref name="best"/> They speak [[Rusyn language|Rusyn]], an [[East Slavic languages|East Slavic]] [[Variety (linguistics)|language variety]], treated variously as either a distinct language or a dialect of the [[Ukrainian language]]. As traditional adherents of [[Eastern Christianity]], the majority of Rusyns are [[Eastern Catholics]], though a minority of Rusyns practice [[Eastern Orthodoxy]].

Rusyns primarily self-identify as a distinct ethnic group and are recognized as such in all countries where they exist, with the exception of [[Ukraine]], which officially classifies Rusyns as a sub-group of Ukrainians.<ref name="best">{{cite book |last1=Best |first1=Paul J. |editor-last1=Cole |editor-first1=Jeffrey E.|title=Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia |date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=979-8-216-08132-6 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ethnic_Groups_of_Europe/urD2EAAAQBAJ?hl=en |language=en |chapter=Carpatho-Rusyns |quote=Carpatho-Rusyns are recognized as a distinct group in all countries where they exist with the exception of Ukraine, which prefers to identity Carpatho-Rusyns as a subsection of the Ukrainian nation... in the 21st century Carpatho-Rusyns have been accepted by most scholars as a Fourth East Slavic nation... the government in Kiev continues with the subethnos concept, refusing to recognize a distinct Carptho-Rusyn ethnic group.}}</ref> In [[Croatia]], [[Hungary]], [[Poland]], [[Romania]], [[Serbia]], and [[Slovakia]], Rusyns have official [[national minority|minority]] status. Some Rusyns identify more closely with their country of residence (i.e. Polish, Slovak), while others self-identify as a branch of the Ukrainian people.{{sfn|Magocsi|Pop|2005|p=}}{{pn|date=May 2025}}

Rusyns are descended from an East Slavic population which inhabited the northeastern regions of the Eastern Carpathians. In those regions, there are several Rusyn groups, including Dolinyans, [[Boykos]], [[Hutsuls]] and [[Lemkos]]. Since the [[fall of communism]] toward the end of the 20th century, there has been a revival in Rusyn culture and identity.<ref name="best"/> Of the estimated 1.7 million people of Rusyn origin, only around 110,000 have been officially identified as such in recent ({{circa}} 2012) national censuses.{{sfn|Magocsi|2015|p=1}}