Editing Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (section)

{{Short description|President of India from 1962 to 1967<!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->}}
{{Redirect|Radhakrishnan|other people with this name|Radhakrishnan (name)}}
{{Family name hatnote|Sarvepalli|lang=Telugu}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
| office              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[President of India]]
| image               = Photograph of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan presented to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in 1962.jpg
| caption             = Official Portrait, 1962
| predecessor         = [[Rajendra Prasad]]
| primeminister       = {{ubl|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]|[[Gulzarilal Nanda]] {{small|(acting)}}|[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]|[[Indira Gandhi]]}}
| successor           = Zakir Husain
| vicepresident       = [[Zakir Husain]]
| term_start          = 13 May 1962
| term_end            = 13 May 1967
| signature           = 
| office2             = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[Vice President of India]]
| president2          = Rajendra Prasad
| primeminister2      = Jawaharlal Nehru
| party               = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| predecessor2        = ''Office established''
| successor2          = Zakir Husain
| term_start2         = 13 May 1952
| term_end2           = 12 May 1962
| office3             = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[List of ambassadors of India to Russia|Ambassador of India to Soviet Union]]
| term_start3         = 12 July 1949
| term_end3           = 12 May 1952
| predecessor3        = [[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]]
| successor3          = [[K. P. S. Menon]]
| office4             = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University]]
| term_start4         = 1939
| term_end4           = 1948
| predecessor4        = [[Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya]]
| successor4          = [[Amarnath Jha]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date|df=yes|1888|9|5}}
| birth_place         = [[Thiruttani]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] <br /> (present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 1975 |title=Radhakrishnan of India, Philosopher, Dead at 86 |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/17/archives/radhakrishnan-of-india-philosopher-dead-at-86.html |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=12 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212090229/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/17/archives/radhakrishnan-of-india-philosopher-dead-at-86.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| death_date          = {{death date and age|df=yes|1975|4|17|1888|9|5}}
| death_place         = [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] <br /> (present-day [[Chennai]])
| spouse              = {{marriage|Sarvepalli Sivakamu|1903|1956|reason=her death}}
| children            = 6, including [[Sarvepalli Gopal|Gopal]]
| nationality         = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| occupation          = {{hlist|[[Politician]]|[[professor]]|[[vice-chancellor]]}}
| profession          = {{hlist|[[Philosopher]]|[[academic]]}}
| awards              = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan#Awards and honours|See below]]
| module2             = {{Infobox scholar|child=yes
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Voorhees College, Vellore]]|[[Madras Christian College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Arts|MA]])}}
| workplaces = {{ubl|[[Madras Presidency College]]|[[Maharaja's College, Mysore]]|[[University of Calcutta]]|[[Harris Manchester College, Oxford|Manchester College, Oxford]]|[[Andhra University]]|[[Banaras Hindu University]]}}
| discipline = {{hlist|[[Philosophy]]|[[Indology]]}}
| main_interests = {{hlist|[[Indian philosophy]]|[[Indian religions]]}}
| known_for  = the ''Indian Philosophy'': 2 volume set}}
| order               = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->
| order2              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->
| order1              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->
| honorific_prefix    = Sir
}}
{{Advaita}}
{{Hindu philosophy}}
'''Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan''' {{small|[[Bharat Ratna|BR]]}} ({{pronunciation|Svpr.ogg}}; 5 September 1888{{Snd}}17 April 1975; natively '''Radhakrishna''') was an Indian [[academician]], [[philosopher]] and statesman who served as the <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] --> [[President of India]] from 1962 to 1967. He previously served as the [[vice president of India]] from 1952 to 1962. He was the [[ambassador of India to the Soviet Union]] from 1949 to 1952. He was also the [[vice-chancellor of Banaras Hindu University]] from 1939 to 1948 and the vice-chancellor of [[Andhra University]] from 1931 to 1936. Radhakrishnan is considered one of the most influential and distinguished 20th century [[scholars]] of [[comparative religion]] and [[philosophy]],<ref name="Pollock">{{cite journal|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/mesaas/faculty/directory/pollock_pub/classics.pdf|author=Pollock, Sheldon|year=2011|title=Crisis in the Classics|journal=Social Research|volume=78|issue=1|pages=21–48|doi=10.1353/sor.2011.0015|s2cid=141188541|access-date=6 December 2018|archive-date=17 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417024905/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/mesaas/faculty/directory/pollock_pub/classics.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref group=web name="IEP" /> he held the King George V Chair of Mental and Moral Science at the [[University of Calcutta]] from 1921 to 1932 and [[Spalding Professor of Eastern Religion and Ethics|Spalding Chair of Eastern Religion and Ethics]] at [[University of Oxford]] from 1936 to 1952.<ref>''The Madras Mail'', Saturday, 8 February 1936, page 9</ref>

Radhakrishnan's philosophy was grounded in [[Advaita Vedanta]], reinterpreting this tradition for a contemporary understanding.<ref group=web name="IEP" /> He defended [[Hinduism]] against what he called "uninformed [[Literary criticism|Western criticism]]",<ref name=brown153/> contributing to the formation of [[Hindu nationalism|contemporary Hindu identity]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Flood, Gavin D. |title=An Introduction to Hinduism|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo|url-access=registration |date=13 July 1996|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-43878-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo/page/249 249]}}</ref> He has been influential in shaping the understanding of Hinduism, in both India and the west, and earned a reputation as a bridge-builder between India and the West.<ref name="Hawley">Hawley, Michael. [http://www.iep.utm.edu/radhakri/ "Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888—1975)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712171420/https://www.iep.utm.edu/radhakri/ |date=12 July 2019 }}. ''[[Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]''.</ref>

Radhakrishnan was awarded several high awards during his life, including a [[knighthood]] in 1931, the [[Bharat Ratna]], the highest civilian award in India, in 1954, and honorary membership of the British Royal [[Order of Merit]] in 1963. He was also one of the founders of Helpage India, a [[Nonprofit Organization|non profit organisation]] for elderly [[Poverty in India|underprivileged in India]]. Radhakrishnan believed that "teachers should be the best minds in the country".<ref group="web" name="BharatRatna">{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2007)|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/PadmaAwards1954-2007.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs|access-date=26 November 2010|archive-date=4 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304070427/http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/PadmaAwards1954-2007.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>