Editing Saxitoxin (section)

{{Short description|Paralytic shellfish toxin}}
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477857061
| ImageFile = Saxitoxin neutral.svg
| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula
| ImageClass = skin-invert-image
| ImageFileL1 = Saxitoxin-3D-balls.png
| ImageAltL1 = Ball-and-stick model
| ImageFileR1 = Saxitoxin-3D-spacefill.png
| ImageAltR1 = Space-filling model
| ImageSize =
| IUPACName = [(3a''S'',4''R'',10a''S'')-10,10-dihydroxy-2,6-diiminooctahydro-1''H'',8''H''-pyrrolo[1,2-''c'']purin-4-yl]methyl carbamate
| OtherNames =
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| IUPHAR_ligand = 2625
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 35523-89-8
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = Q0638E899B
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 501134
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} 
| ChEBI = 34970
| PubChem = 37165
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 34106
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C13757
| SMILES = O=C(OC[C@@H]2/N=C(/N)N3[C@]1(/N=C(\N[C@H]12)N)C(O)(O)CC3)N
| InChI = 1/C10H17N7O4/c11-6-15-5-4(3-21-8(13)18)14-7(12)17-2-1-9(19,20)10(5,17)16-6/h4-5,19-20H,1-3H2,(H2,12,14)(H2,13,18)(H3,11,15,16)/t4-,5-,10-/m0/s1
| InChIKey = RPQXVSUAYFXFJA-HGRQIUPRBO
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C10H17N7O4/c11-6-15-5-4(3-21-8(13)18)14-7(12)17-2-1-9(19,20)10(5,17)16-6/h4-5,19-20H,1-3H2,(H2,12,14)(H2,13,18)(H3,11,15,16)/t4-,5-,10-/m0/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = RPQXVSUAYFXFJA-HGRQIUPRSA-N
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=10 | H=17 | N=7 | O=4
| Appearance =
| Density =
| MeltingPt =
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility = }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt = }}
}}

'''Saxitoxin''' ('''STX''') is a potent [[neurotoxin]] and the best-known paralytic shellfish toxin. Ingestion of saxitoxin by humans, usually by consumption of shellfish contaminated by toxic [[algal bloom]]s, is responsible for the illness known as [[paralytic shellfish poisoning]] (PSP).

The term saxitoxin originates from the genus name of the butter clam (''[[Saxidomus]]'') from which it was first isolated. But the term saxitoxin can also refer to the entire suite of more than 50 structurally related neurotoxins (known collectively as "saxitoxins") produced by [[Protist|protists]], [[algae]] and [[cyanobacteria]] which includes saxitoxin itself (STX), [[neosaxitoxin]] (NSTX), [[gonyautoxin]]s (GTX) and [[decarbamoylsaxitoxin]] (dcSTX).

Saxitoxin has a large environmental and economic impact, as its presence in [[Bivalvia|bivalve]] shellfish such as [[mussels]], [[clams]], [[oysters]] and [[scallops]] frequently leads to bans on commercial and recreational shellfish harvesting in many temperate coastal waters around the world including the [[Northeastern United States|Northeastern]] and [[Western United States|Western]] [[United States]], [[Western Europe]], [[East Asia]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], and [[South Africa]]. In the United States, paralytic shellfish poisoning has occurred in [[California]], [[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], [[Alaska]], and [[New England]].