Editing Service-oriented architecture (section)

{{short description|Architectural pattern in software design}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2015}}
In [[software engineering]], '''service-oriented architecture''' ('''SOA''') is an architectural style that focuses on discrete services instead of a [[monolithic system|monolithic design]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=SOA Source Book - What Is SOA?|url=https://collaboration.opengroup.org/projects/soa-book/pages.php?action=show&ggid=1314|access-date=2021-03-30|website=collaboration.opengroup.org}}</ref> SOA is a good choice for [[system integration]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Fundamentals of Software Architecture: An Engineering Approach |publisher=O'Reilly Media |year=2020 |isbn=978-1492043454}}</ref> By consequence, it is also applied in the field of [[software design]] where services are provided to the other components by [[application components]], through a [[Communications protocol|communication protocol]] over a network. A service is a discrete unit of functionality that can be accessed remotely and acted upon and updated independently, such as retrieving a credit card statement online. SOA is also intended to be independent of vendors, products and technologies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb833022.aspx|title=Chapter 1: Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)|website=msdn.microsoft.com|access-date=2016-09-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707052149/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb833022.aspx|archive-date=July 7, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Service orientation is a way of thinking in terms of services and service-based development and the outcomes of services.<ref name=":0" />

A service has four properties according to one of many definitions of SOA:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://publications.opengroup.org/standards/soa|title=Service-Oriented Architecture Standards - The Open Group|website=www.opengroup.org}}</ref>
# It logically represents a repeatable business activity with a specified outcome.
# It is self-contained.
# It is a [[black box]] for its consumers, meaning the consumer does not have to be aware of the service's inner workings.
# It may be composed of other services.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.opengroup.org/soa/source-book/soa/soa.htm |title=What Is SOA? |website=www.opengroup.org |access-date=2016-09-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819141303/http://opengroup.org/soa/source-book/soa/soa.htm |archive-date=August 19, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Different services can be used in conjunction as a [[service mesh]] to provide the functionality of a large [[Software applications|software application]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Cloud Computing: A Practical Approach|last=Velte|first=Anthony T.|publisher=McGraw Hill|year=2010|isbn=978-0-07-162694-1}}</ref> a principle SOA shares with [[modular programming]]. Service-oriented architecture integrates distributed, separately maintained and deployed software components. It is enabled by technologies and standards that facilitate components' communication and cooperation over a network, especially over an IP network.

SOA is related to the idea of an API ([[application programming interface]]), an interface or communication protocol between different parts of a computer program intended to simplify the implementation and maintenance of software.  An API can be thought of as the service, and the SOA the architecture that allows the service to operate.

Note that Service-Oriented Architecture must not be confused with Service Based Architecture as those are two different architectural styles.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Fundamentals of Software Architecture: An Engineering Approach |publisher=O'Reilly Media |year=2020 |isbn=978-1492043454}}</ref>