Editing Shammar (section)

{{Short description|Arabian tribal confederation}}
{{About|the Arabian tribe|other uses|Shammar (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox tribe
| name = Shammar
| type = [[Qahtanite]]
| image = Flag of the Emirate of Ha'il.svg
| image_size = 
| alt = 
| caption = The supposed flag of [[Emirate of Jabal Shammar|Jabal Shammar]], in contemporary use by members of the Shammar tribe.
| ethnicity = [[Arabs|Arab]]
| nisba = al-Shammari
| location = *[[Saudi Arabia]] 
*[[Kuwait]] 
*[[Iraq]] 
*[[Syria]] 
*[[Jordan]]
*[[Lebanon]]
*[[Algeria]]
| descended = 
| parent_tribe = [[Tayy]]
| branches = *Abdah
*Aslam
*Sinjarah
| religion = [[Islam]]
| language = [[Arabic]]
| surnames = Al-qhalba - Al-Tanaia -Al-Sanaeis- Al-Shummar
}}
The tribe of '''Shammar''' ({{langx|ar|شَمَّر|Šammar}}) is a tribal [[Arab]] [[Qahtanite]] confederation, descended from the [[Tayy]], which migrated into the northern [[Arabian Peninsula]] from Yemen in the second century. It is the largest branch of the Tayy, and one of the largest and most influential Arab tribes. The historical and traditional seat of the tribe's leadership is in the city of [[Ḥaʼil]]; where most of the people of the tribe of Shammar are found, in what was the [[Emirate of Jabal Shammar]] in what is now [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Statesman's Year Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the World|date=1917|publisher=John Paxton|page=xliv|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egVg6QUChYcC|language=en|quote="... has its capital at Hail"}}</ref> In its "golden age", around the 1850s, the Shammar ruled much of central and northern Arabia from [[Riyadh]] to the frontiers of [[Syria]] and the vast area of [[Upper Mesopotamia]] ({{langx|ar|الجزيرة|al-Jazīra|the region}}).

One of the early famous figures from the tribe was the legendary [[Hatim Al-Ta'i]] (Hatim of Tayy; died 578), a [[Christian Arab]] renowned for generosity and hospitality who figured in the ''[[One Thousand and One Nights]]''. The early Islamic historical sources report that his son, [[Adi ibn Hatim]], whom they sometimes refer to as the "king" of Tayy, converted to [[Islam]] before [[Muhammad]]'s death. Another figure from Tayy during this period was [[Zayd al-Khayr]], a prominent member of Tayy who is said to have led Tayy's delegation to Muhammad accepting Islam.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G1BiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA498|title=Zad Al-Ma'ad - Provisions Of The Afterlife Which Lie Within Prophetic Guidance: زاد المعاد [انكليزي] ترجمة|last=Al-Jawziyya|first=Ibn Qayyim|date=2010-01-01|publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية|isbn=9782745162144|pages=498|language=en}}</ref>