Editing Shu Han (section)

{{Short description|Empire in China from 221 to 263; one of the Three Kingdoms}}
{{distinguish|Shuhan (disambiguation){{!}}Shuhan|Han shu}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name            = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-Hant|漢|nocat=true}}}}
| conventional_long_name = Han
| common_name            = Shu Han <br> {{lang|zh-Hant|蜀漢|nocat=true}}
| era                    = Three Kingdoms
| status                 = Empire
| government_type        = [[Monarchy]]
| event_start            = 
| date_start             = 
| year_start             = May 221
| event_end              = [[Conquest of Shu by Wei]]
| date_end               = 
| year_end               = {{circa}}Dec 263
| p1                     = Han dynasty#Eastern Han{{!}}Eastern Han
| s1                     = Cao Wei
| image_map              = Three Kingdoms.png
| image_map_alt          = 
| image_map_caption      = The territories of Shu Han (in light pink), as of 262 A.D.
| capital                = [[Chengdu]]
| latd                   = 
| latm                   = 
| latNS                  = 
| longd                  = 
| longm                  = 
| longEW                 = 
| common_languages       = [[Ba–Shu Chinese]]<br>[[Eastern Han Chinese]]
| religion               = [[Taoism]], [[Confucianism]], [[Chinese folk religion]]
| currency               = [[Ancient Chinese coinage]], [[Cash (Chinese coin)|Chinese cash]]
| leader1                = [[Liu Bei]]
| leader2                = [[Liu Shan]]
| year_leader1           = 221 – 223
| year_leader2           = 223 – 263
| title_leader           = [[Emperor of China|Emperor]]
<!-- Area and population of a given year -->| stat_year1             = 221<ref name=zou>Zou Jiwan ({{zh|t=鄒紀萬|links=no}}), ''Zhongguo Tongshi – Weijin Nanbeichao Shi'' {{lang|zh-hant|中國通史·魏晉南北朝史}}, (1992).</ref>
| stat_area1             = <!-- area in square kilometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated -->
| stat_pop1              = 900,000
| stat_year2             = 263<ref name=zou />
| stat_area2             = <!-- area in square kilometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated -->
| stat_pop2              = 1,082,000
| footnotes              = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
| today                  = [[China]]
}}
{{Chinese
| t = {{linktext|蜀漢}}
| s = {{linktext|蜀汉}}
| p = Shǔ Hàn
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|sh|u|3|-|h|an|4}}
| w = Shu<sup>3</sup> Han<sup>4</sup>
| tp = Shǔ Hàn
| gr = Shuu Hann
| bpmf = ㄕㄨˇ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄏㄢˋ
| showflag = p
| y = Suhk Hon
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|s|uk|6|-|h|on|3}}
| j = Suk6 Hon3
}}
{{History of China}}
'''Han''' ({{lang|zh-Hant|漢}}; 221–263), known in historiography as '''Shu Han''' ({{Lang|zh-Hant|蜀漢}} {{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Shu Han.ogg|sh|u|3|-|h|an|4}}) or '''Ji Han''' ({{lang|zh-Hant|季漢}}  "Junior Han"),<ref>[[Chen Shou]], ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms]]'', "Book of Shu: Accounts of [[Deng Zhi|Deng]], [[Zhang Yi (Bogong)|Zhang]], [[Zong Yu|Zong]], & [[Yang Xi (Three Kingdoms)|Yang]]", [https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97/%E5%8D%B745#%E6%A5%8A%E6%88%B2 section Yang Xi]: quote: "戲以延熙四年著《'''季漢'''輔臣贊》"; translation: "[Yang] Xi, in the fourth year of [[List of Chinese era names#Shu Han|Yanxi era]] [241 CE], composed 'Praises for the Supportive Ministers of '''Ji Han'''.'"</ref> or often shortened to '''Shu''' ({{lang-zh|t=蜀|p=Shǔ}}; [[Sichuanese Pinyin]]: ''Su{{sup|2}}'' < [[Middle Chinese]]: *''źjowk'' < [[Eastern Han Chinese]]: *''dźok''<ref>Schuessler, Axel. (2009) Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i. 157</ref>), was a [[Dynasties in Chinese history|dynastic state of China]] and one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the [[Three Kingdoms]] period. The state was based in the area around present-day [[Hanzhong]], [[Sichuan]], [[Chongqing]], [[Yunnan]], [[Guizhou]], and north [[Guangxi]], an area historically referred to as "Shu" based on the name of the past [[Shu (kingdom)|ancient kingdom of Shu]], which also occupied this approximate geographical area. Its core territory also coincided with [[Emperor Gaozu of Han|Liu Bang's]] [[Emperor Gaozu of Han#King of Han|Kingdom of Han]], the precursor of the [[Han dynasty]].

Shu Han's founder, [[Liu Bei]] (Emperor Zhaolie), had named his dynasty "Han", as he considered it a [[rump state]] of the Han dynasty and thus the legitimate successor to the Han throne, while the prefix "Shu" was first used by the rival state of [[Cao Wei]] to delegitimize the claims of the Shu Han state to orthodox succession.<ref>An example is a quote by Wei general [[Zhong Hui]]: "事成，可得天下；不成，退保'''蜀漢'''，不失作劉備也。" tr: "If we'd succeed, we'd have [[Tianxia|all under Heaven]]; if we'd not succeed, we'd retreat and defend '''Shu Han''' and not lose, just as Liu Bei did." in ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 28</ref> Later on when writing the [[Records of the Three Kingdoms]], the historian, [[Chen Shou]], also used the prefix "Shu" to describe Liu Bei's state of Han as a historiographical prefix to differentiate it from the many other states officially named "[[Han (disambiguation)#Former states|Han]]" throughout Chinese history.<ref>{{cite journal |author=小平 |year=2012 |title=三国蜀汉政权国号 "汉" 考论 |journal=西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） |issue=1 |pages=63–66 }}</ref>