Editing Signal passed at danger (section)

{{short description|Train passing stop signal without authority}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
[[File:Two-aspect-signal ES692.jpg|thumb|upright|Two-aspect signal at danger (stop) in the United Kingdom]]
{{otherusesof|SPAD}}
A '''signal passed at danger''' ('''SPAD''')<ref name="cror">{{Cite web |date=24 April 2020 |title=Canadian Rail Operating Rules |url=https://tc.canada.ca/sites/default/files/2020-06/canadian_rail_operating_rules.pdf |access-date=18 May 2021 |website=Transport Canada}}</ref>{{rp|75}} is an event on a [[railway]] where a train passes a stop [[railway signal|signal]] without authority.<ref>{{cite web | title = Signals Passed at Danger | url = http://orr.gov.uk/rail/health-and-safety/infrastructure-safety/signals-passed-at-danger | website = ORR.gov.uk | publisher = [[Office of Rail and Road]] | access-date = 12 May 2018 }}</ref> This is also known as [[wikt:run a red light|running a red]], in the [[United States]] as a '''stop signal overrun (SSO)'''<ref name="fra-sso">{{Cite report |url=https://railroads.dot.gov/sites/fra.dot.gov/files/2019-12/Passenger%20trains%20pass%20stop%20signals2.pdf |title=Why do Passenger Trains Pass Stop Signals – A Systems View |last1=Multer |first1=Jordan |last2=Safar |first2=Hadar |date=June 2019 |publisher=Federal Railroad Administration |location=Washington, DC |publication-date=June 2019 |language=en |id=DOT/FRA/ORD-19/19 |last3=Roth |first3=Emilie |last4=France |first4=Megan |access-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518183112/https://railroads.dot.gov/sites/fra.dot.gov/files/2019-12/Passenger%20trains%20pass%20stop%20signals2.pdf |archive-date=18 May 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> and in Canada as '''passing a stop signal'''.<ref name="NTSB Texting">{{cite web|title=Texting: Tomorrow's Unacceptable Behavior|url=https://app.ntsb.gov/investigations/2010/philadelphia_pa_oped.html|publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]]|first=Deborah|last=Hersman|access-date=11 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215181302/https://app.ntsb.gov/investigations/2010/philadelphia_pa_oped.html|archive-date=15 February 2017}}</ref> SPAD is defined by [[Directive (European Union)|Directive]] 2014/88/EU as any occasion when any part of a train proceeds beyond its authorised movement.<ref name=lexeu>{{cite web |title=L_2014201EN.01000901.xml |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0088 |website=eur-lex.europa.eu |access-date=20 September 2024}}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4|from this source=yes}}</ref> Unauthorised movement means to pass:<ref name=lexeu/>
* ''a trackside colour light signal or semaphore at danger, or an order to STOP where a [[Train protection system|Train Protection system]] (TPS) is not operational,'' 
* ''the end of a safety related movement authority provided in a TPS,'' 
* ''a point communicated by verbal or written authorisation laid down in regulations,'' 
* ''stop boards (buffer stops are not included) or hand signals.''