Editing Signing Exact English (section)

{{Short description|Manual communication system}}
'''Signing Exact English''' (''SEE-II'', sometimes '''Signed Exact English''') is a system of [[manual communication]] that strives to be an exact representation of [[English language]] [[English vocabulary|vocabulary]] and [[English grammar|grammar]]. It is one of [[Manually Coded English|a number of such systems]] in use in English-speaking countries. It is related to [[Seeing Essential English]] (SEE-I), a manual sign system created in 1945, based on the [[morphemes]] of English words.<ref name=Luetke>Luetke-Stahlman, B. (1991). "Following the Rules:Consistency in Sign."Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. 34:(1293–1298)</ref> SEE-II models much of its sign vocabulary from [[American Sign Language]] (ASL), but modifies the handshapes used in ASL in order to use the handshape of the first letter of the corresponding English word.<ref name=":1">Kong, W. W., & Ranganath, S. (2008). Signing exact english (see): Modeling and recognition. Pattern Recognition, 41(5), 1638-1652.</ref>

SEE-II is not considered a language itself like ASL; rather it is an invented system for a language—namely, for English.<ref>Appelman, K.; Callahan, J.; Mayer, M.; Luetke, B.; & Stryker, D. (Spring, 2012). A Comparison of Post-Secondary Measures of Success When Students are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. ''American Annals of the Deaf''. Volume 157, Number 3, Summer 2012.</ref><ref>Luetke, B. Nielsen, D.C. & Stryker, D. (2010). Addressing the need to develop morphemic awareness en route to reading English proficiently when students are deaf or hard of hearing; documenting; the unrealized, empirically-substantiated use of Signing Exact English. ''Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education''.</ref>