Editing Simla Agreement (section)

{{short description|1972 peace treaty between India and Pakistan}}
{{About|the 1972 India-Pakistan peace treaty|the 1945 Indian self-government meeting|Simla Conference|the 1914 Tibetan-British-Chinese convention|Simla Convention|the 1906 deputation of Indian Muslim leaders for greater political representation|Simla Deputation|}}
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{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox treaty
| name                =Simla or Shimla Agreement
| long_name           =Agreement on Bilateral Relations Between The Government of India and The Government of Pakistan<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 July 2012|title=Public Diplomacy – Simla Agreement July 2, 1972|url=https://mea.gov.in/in-focus-article.htm?19005/Simla+Agreement+July+2+1972|access-date=1 August 2021|website=Ministry of External Affairs (Government of India)}}</ref>   
| image_alt           = <!-- alt-text here for accessibility; see [[MOS:ACCESS]] -->
| caption             =[[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]] (then) President of Pakistan shaking hands with [[Indira Gandhi]], Prime minister of India
| type                =[[Peace treaty]]
| context             =[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] 
| date_drafted        =28 June 1972 
| date_signed         ={{Start date and age|df=yes|1972|07|02}}
| location_signed     =Barnes Court ([[Raj Bhavan, Shimla|Raj Bhavan]]),<ref name="HPRajBhavan">{{cite web|title=History of Raj Bhavan Building (Barnes Court) Emergence of an Edifice|url=http://himachalrajbhavan.nic.in/history.html|publisher=Government of India|access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref> [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India
                       
| date_sealed         =7 August 1972 
| date_effective      =4 August 1972 (''in suspension as of April 2025'')
| condition_effective =Ratification by both parties
| mediators           =
| negotiators         = 
* [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs of India]]
* [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pakistan]] 
| signatories         = 
* [[Indira Gandhi]] ([[Prime Minister of India]])
* [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] ([[President of Pakistan]])
| parties             = 
* {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|India}} [[India|Republic of India]]}}
* {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]}} 
| ratifiers           = 
* [[Parliament of India]]
* [[Parliament of Pakistan]]
| depositories        = <!-- format this as a bullet list -->
| language            =<!-- format this as a bullet list -->
| languages           = * [[Hindi]]
* [[Urdu]]
* [[English language|English]]

| wikisource          = <!-- OR: -->
| wikisource1         = <!-- Up to 5 wikisourceN variables may be specified -->
| rep                 = <!-- [[File:Example.png|200px|alt=Example alt text]] OR: -->
|image=| image_width         =300px 
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|date_ratified=15 July 1972 (by Pakistan)<br/>3 August 1972 (by India)}}

{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}
{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}}

The '''Simla Agreement''', also spelled '''Shimla Agreement''', was a [[peace treaty]] signed between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] on 2 July 1972 in [[Shimla]], the capital of [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name=MEA_site>{{cite web|title=Simla Agreement|url=http://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/5541/Simla+Agreement|work=Bilateral/Multilateral Documents|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India|access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref> It followed the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], which began after India intervened in [[East Pakistan]] as an ally of [[Mukti Bahini]] who were fighting against [[Pakistan Armed Forces|Pakistani state forces]] in the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].<ref name=ZEE>{{cite news |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/what-is-shimla-agreement-2221323.html |title=What is Shimla Agreement |work=Zee News |author=Tanweer Azam |date=23 July 2019}}</ref> 

The treaty's official purpose was stated to serve as a way for both countries to "put an end to the conflict and confrontation that have hitherto marred their relations" and to conceive the steps to be taken for further normalization of [[India–Pakistan relations]] while also laying down the principles that should govern their future interactions.<ref name=Dawn>{{cite news |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/751253 |title=A leaf from history: Simla Agreement, at last |newspaper=Dawn (newspaper) |date=23 September 2012 }}</ref><ref name=IBN_40>{{cite news |title=Indo-Pak Shimla Agreement: 40 years later |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indopak-shimla-agreement-40-years-later/268913-3.html |work=IBN Live |date=2 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130927205707/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indopak-shimla-agreement-40-years-later/268913-3.html |archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref>

The treaty gave back more than 13,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> of land that the Indian Army had seized in Pakistan during the war and Pakistan also give back land that was captured during the war,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tufail |first=M. Kaiser |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fJY_yAEACAAJ |title=Against All Odds: The Pakistan Air Force in the 1971 Indo-Pakistan War |date=2020 |publisher=Helion Limited |isbn=978-1-913118-64-8 |pages=46 |language=en}}</ref> though India retained a few strategic areas, including [[Turtuk]], [[Dhothang]], [[Takshi|Tyakshi]] (earlier called Tiaqsi) and [[Chalunka]] of [[Chorbat Valley]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thewire.in/politics/turtuk-story-of-a-promise-land |title=Turtuk, a Promised Land Between Two Hostile Neighbours |work=The Wire |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030083934/https://thewire.in/politics/turtuk-story-of-a-promise-land |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://scroll.in/article/815863/an-encounter-with-the-king-of-turtuk-a-border-village-near-gilgit-baltistan |title=An encounter with the 'king' of Turtuk, a border village near Gilgit-Baltistan |first=qz com |last=Rajrishi Singhal |work=Scroll.in |archive-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024100411/https://scroll.in/article/815863/an-encounter-with-the-king-of-turtuk-a-border-village-near-gilgit-baltistan |url-status=live}}</ref> which was more than 883&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/nkoE1dc52oYwoWRNmhEeYK/A-portrait-of-a-village-on-the-border.html |title=A portrait of a village on the border |date=10 August 2017 |archive-date=26 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826113604/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/nkoE1dc52oYwoWRNmhEeYK/A-portrait-of-a-village-on-the-border.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=22 December 2011 |title=Have you heard about this Indian Hero? |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-hero-of-nubra/20111222.htm#5 |work=Rediff.com |archive-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614095202/http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-hero-of-nubra/20111222.htm#5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A109&Pg=6 |title=The Simla Agreement 1972 |website=Story of Pakistan |access-date=20 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614014904/http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A109&Pg=6 |archive-date=14 June 2011}}</ref> Meanwhile, Pakistan retained [[Chumb|Chumb City]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nagial |first=Colonel Balwan Singh |title=Forced displacement from the Chhamb sector in 1971 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/col-nagial/forced-displacement-from-the-chhamb-sector-in-1971/ |access-date=2025-03-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2025, Pakistan suspended the Agreement in response to India's suspension of the [[Indus Waters Treaty]], after [[Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism|Pakistan's alleged involvement]] in [[2025 Pahalgam massacre]].<ref>{{cite web |title=India closes main border crossing with Pakistan after Kashmir attack |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce8g2njm2d2o |date=2025-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan Reuters |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/what-is-indus-waters-treaty-between-india-pakistan-2025-04-24/ |date=2025-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Kashmir attack: Does India's Indus Waters Treaty freeze threaten Paki… | url = https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/4/24/kashmir-attack-does-indias-indus-waters-treaty-freeze-threaten-pakistan | date = 2025-04-24 | archiveurl = https://archive.today/20250424161802/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/4/24/kashmir-attack-does-indias-indus-waters-treaty-freeze-threaten-pakistan | archivedate = 2025-04-24 }}</ref>