Editing Sindh (section)

{{Short description|Province of Pakistan}}
{{Redirect|Sind||Sindh (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|Sind State|Sind Province (1936–1955)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Sindh
| native_name        = {{hlist|{{nq|سندھ}}|{{lang|sd|{{Naskh|سنڌ}}}}}}
| etymology          = ''Sind''
| type               = [[Administrative units of Pakistan|Province]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                 = infobox
| total_width            = 280
| image_style            = border:1;
| perrow                 = 1/2/2
| image1                 = Jinnah Mausoleum.JPG
| caption1               = [[Mazar-e-Quaid]]
| image2                 = Rohri.jpg
| caption2               = [[Ayub Bridge]]
| image3                 = Karachi sky line.jpg
| caption3               = [[Skyline of Karachi]]
| image4                 = Ranikot fort 2 (asad aman).jpg
| caption4               = [[Ranikot Fort]]
| image5                 = Other side of Moenjodaro by Usman Ghani.jpg
| caption5               = [[Mohenjo-daro]]
| image6                 =
| image7                 = Shah jahan mosque -Thatta 7(asad aman).jpg
| caption7               = [[Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta|Shah Jahan Mosque]]
}}
| image_flag         = Flag of Sindh.svg
| image_seal         = Coat of arms of Sindh Province.svg
| nickname           = Mehran (Gateway), Bab-ul-Islam (Gateway of Islam)
| image_map          = Sindh in Pakistan (claims hatched).svg
| map_caption        = Location of Sindh in Pakistan
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|26|21|N|68|51|E|region:PK|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = {{Start date and age|1972|7|1|df=y}}
| established_title1 = Before was
| established_date1  = Part of [[West Pakistan]]
| seat_type          = Capital<br />{{nobold|and largest city}}
| seat               = [[Karachi]]
| parts_type         = Administrative Divisions
| parts_style        = coll,para
| parts              = 06
| p1                 = [[Hyderabad Division]]<br />[[Karachi Division]]<br />[[Larkana Division]]<br />[[Mirpur Khas Division]]<br />[[Sukkur Division]]<br />[[Shaheed Benazirabad Division]]
| blank1_name_sec1   = Notable sports teams
| blank1_info_sec1   = [[Sindh cricket team]] <br />[[Karachi Kings]]<br />[[Karachi United]]<br />[[Hyderabad Hawks]]<br />[[Karachi Dolphins]]<br />[[Karachi Zebras]]
| blank2_name_sec1   = [[List of administrative units of Pakistan by Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021)
| blank2_info_sec1   = 0.517
{{increase}}<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/PAK/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0&colour_scales=global|title=Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab|website=Globaldatalab.org|access-date=5 June 2022}}</ref><br />{{color|#FF0000|Low}}
| blank3_name_sec1   = [[Education in Pakistan|Literacy rate]] (2023) <ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf | title=Sindh Achieves Highest Literacy Growth Rate Among All Provinces | date=9 June 2025 }}</ref>
| blank3_info_sec1   = {{bulleted list|'''Total:'''<br />(57.54%) |'''Male:'''<br />(64.23%) |'''Female:'''<br />(50.21%)}}
| blank_name_sec2    = [[National Assembly of Pakistan|Seats in National Assembly]]
| blank_info_sec2    = 75
| blank1_name_sec2   = [[Provincial Assembly of Sindh|Seats in Provincial Assembly]]
| blank1_info_sec2   = 168<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pas.gov.pk/index.php/members/party_pos/en/19|title=Welcome to the Website of Provincial Assembly of Sindh|website=www.pas.gov.pk|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=14 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214183543/http://www.pas.gov.pk/index.php/members/party_pos/en/19|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| blank2_name_sec2   = [[Divisions of Sindh, Pakistan|Divisions]]
| blank2_info_sec2   = 6
| blank3_name_sec2   = [[Districts of Sindh|Districts]]
| blank3_info_sec2   = 30
| blank4_name_sec2   = [[Tehsils of Sindh|Tehsils]]
| blank4_info_sec2   = 138
| blank5_name_sec2   = [[Union Councils of Pakistan|Union Councils]]
| blank5_info_sec2   = 1108<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lgdsindh.com.pk/|title=LgdSindh - News Blog|website=LgdSindh|access-date=5 September 2006|archive-date=16 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616174048/http://www.lgdsindh.com.pk/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = [[Federated state|Self-governing province]] subject to the [[Government of Pakistan|federal government]]
| governing_body     = [[Government of Sindh]]
| leader_party       = 
| leader_title       = [[Governor of Sindh|Governor]]
| leader_name        = [[Kamran Tessori]]
| leader_title1      = [[Chief Minister of Sindh|Chief Minister]]
| leader_name1       = [[Murad Ali Shah]]
| leader_title2      = [[Chief Secretary Sindh|Chief Secretary]]
| leader_name2       = 
| leader_title3      = [[Legislature]]
| leader_name3       = [[Provincial Assembly of Sindh|Provincial Assembly]]
| leader_title4      = [[High Courts of Pakistan|High Court]]
| leader_name4       = [[Sindh High Court]]
| unit_pref          = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 140,914
| area_rank          = [[Administrative units of Pakistan|3rd]]
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 173
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2023 Census">{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Sindh.pdf |title = Announcement of Results of 7th Population and Housing Census-2023 (Sindh province) |date= 5 August 2023 |website = Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (www.pbs.gov.pk) |access-date = 25 November 2023}}</ref>
| population_total   = 55,696,147
| population_as_of   = [[2023 Census of Pakistan|2023 census]]
| population_rank    = [[Demographics of Pakistan|2nd]]
| population_density_km2 = 395
| population_demonym = Sindhi
| population_note    = 
| timezone1          = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PKT]]
| utc_offset1        = +05:00
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 
| area_code_type     = 
| area_code          = 
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:PK|PK-SD]]
| website            = [http://www.sindh.gov.pk sindh.gov.pk]
| footnotes          = 
| official_name      = Province of Sindh
| translit_lang1_info1 = 
| blank_name_sec1    = Official languages
| blank_info_sec1    = {{Hlist|[[Urdu]]|[[English language|English]]{{efn|Official status of Urdu and English is recognised by the [[Constitution of Pakistan|Pakistani constitution]]; with Urdu being regulated by the [[Government of Pakistan|federal government]]'s autonomous institution [[National Language Promotion Department]]}}|[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]{{efn|Officially recognised by the province; regulated by [[Government of Sindh|provincial government]]'s autonomous institution [[Sindhi Language Authority]]}}}}
| demographics1_info1 = $86 billion ([[List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product|2nd]]){{efn|name=g}}
| demographics_type1 = GDP (nominal)
| demographics1_title1 = [[List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product|Total (2022)]]
| demographics1_title2 = [[List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product|Per Capita]]
| demographics1_info2 = $1,997 ([[List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product|3rd]])
| demographics_type2 = GDP (PPP)
| demographics2_title1 = [[List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product|Total (2022)]]
| demographics2_info1 = $345 billion ([[List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product|2nd]]){{efn|name=g|Sindh's contribution to national economy was 23.7%, or $345 billion (PPP) and $86 billion (nominal) in 2022.<ref name=kp>{{Cite web|url=https://kpbos.gov.pk/assets/docs/reports/NTL-PolicyBrief-Aug-1.pdf|title=
GDP OF KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA'S DISTRICTS|website=kpbos.gov.pk}}</ref><ref name="imf.org">{{cite web | url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report?c=564,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,PCPIEPCH,&sy=2020&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 | title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects }}</ref>}}
| demographics2_title2 = [[List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product|Per Capita]]
| demographics2_info2 = $7,209 ([[List of Pakistani administrative units by gross state product|3rd]])
}}
{{Sindhis}}
{{Contains special characters|Sindhi}}
{{Contains special characters|Urdu}}

'''Sindh''' ({{IPAc-en|'|s|ɪ|n|d}} {{respell|SIND}}; {{Langx|sd|{{Naskh|سِنْڌ}}}}; {{langx|ur|{{nq|سِنْدھ}}}}, {{IPA|ur|sɪndʱə|pron}}; abbr. '''SD''', historically romanized as '''[[Sind (caliphal province)|Sind]]''' or '''Scinde''') is a [[Administrative units of Pakistan|province]] of [[Pakistan]]. Located in the [[Geography of Pakistan|southeastern region]] of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the [[Demographics of Pakistan|second-largest province by population]] after [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]. It is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] to the west and north-west and [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] to the north. It shares an [[India-Pakistan border|International border]] with the [[Indian states]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] to the east; it is also bounded by the [[Arabian Sea]] to the south. Sindh's landscape consists mostly of [[alluvial plain]]s flanking the [[Indus River]], the [[Thar Desert of Sindh|Thar Desert]] in the eastern portion of the province along the [[India–Pakistan border|international border with India]], and the [[Kirthar Mountains]] in the western portion of the province.

The [[economy of Sindh]] is the second largest in Pakistan after the [[province of Punjab]]; its provincial capital [[Karachi]] is the [[List of cities in Pakistan by population|most populous city in the country]] as well as its main financial hub. Sindh is home to a large portion of [[Industry of Pakistan|Pakistan's industrial sector]] and contains two of the country's busiest commercial seaports: [[Port Qasim]] and the [[Port of Karachi]]. The remainder of Sindh consists of an [[Agriculture in Pakistan|agriculture]]-based economy and produces fruits, consumer items and vegetables for other parts of the country.<ref name="The Nation, 2014">{{cite news|last1=Staff reporter|title=Sindh must exploit potential for fruit production|url=http://nation.com.pk/business/09-Mar-2014/sindh-must-exploit-potential-for-fruit-production|access-date=29 May 2015|agency=The Nation|publisher=The Nation, 2014|date=9 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="SALU Press">{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/1934949|title=Dates in Sindh|journal=Proceedings of the International Dates Seminar|last2=Saud|first2=Adila A.|publisher=SALU Press|last1=Markhand|first1=Ghulam Sarwar|access-date=29 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="Dawn News, 2007">{{cite news|last1=Editorial|title=How to grow Bananas|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/264225/how-to-grow-bananas|access-date=29 May 2015|agency=Dawn News|publisher=Dawn News, 2007|date=3 September 2007}}</ref>

Sindh is sometimes referred to as the ''Bab-ul Islam'' ({{Translation|'Gateway of [[Islam]]'}}), as it was one of the first regions of the [[Indian subcontinent]] to fall under [[Islamic rulers in the Indian subcontinent|Islamic rule]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Quddus|first=Syed Abdul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_dtAAAAMAAJ&q=babul+islam+sindh|title=Sindh, the Land of Indus Civilisation|date=1992|publisher=Royal Book Company|isbn=978-969-407-131-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uE26AAAAIAAJ&q=babul+islam+sindh+qasim|title=JPRS Report: Near East & South Asia|date=1992|publisher=Foreign Broadcast Information Service|language=en}}</ref> The province is well known for its [[Culture of Sindh|distinct culture]], which is strongly influenced by [[Sufism]], an important marker of Sindhi identity for both [[Hindus]] and [[Muslims]].<ref name="WakabayashiKothari2009">{{cite book|author1=Judy Wakabayashi|author2=Rita Kothari|title=Decentering Translation Studies: India and Beyond|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=viRCNDBYd4kC&pg=PT132|year=2009|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing|isbn=978-90-272-2430-9|pages=132–}}</ref> Sindh is prominent for its history during the [[Bronze Age]] under the [[Indus Valley civilization]], and is home to two [[UNESCO]]-designated [[World Heritage Site]]s: the [[Makli Necropolis]] and [[Mohenjo-daro]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (Pakistan)|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/pk|website=UNESCO|access-date=14 July 2016}}</ref>