Editing Sleep disorder (section)

{{Short description|Medical disorder of a person's sleep patterns}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Sleep disorder
| synonyms        =
| image           = Pediatric polysomnogram.jpg
| alt             = A child sits on a hospital bed in pyjamas with soft toys. Along with other measurement devices, the child has electrodes taped to their scalp and face.
| caption         = Pediatric [[polysomnography]]
| pronounce       =
| field           = [[Clinical psychology]], [[Psychiatry]], [[Sleep medicine]], [[Neurology]]
| symptoms        =
| complications   =
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}}

A '''sleep disorder''', or '''somnipathy''', is a [[medical disorder]] affecting an individual's [[sleep]] patterns, sometimes impacting physical, mental, social, and emotional functioning.<!-- Redundant phrasing? Both sentences state it affects patients’ lives.  --><ref name="Pavlova 292–299"/> [[Polysomnography]] and [[actigraphy]] are tests commonly ordered for diagnosing sleep disorders.

Sleep disorders are broadly classified into [[dyssomnia]]s, [[parasomnia]]s, [[circadian rhythm sleep disorder]]s involving the timing of sleep, and other disorders, including those caused by medical or psychological conditions. When a person struggles to fall asleep or stay asleep without any obvious cause<!-- sentence could be interpreted as “with no obvious cause” describing “stay asleep” -->, it is referred to as [[insomnia]],<ref name=":24">{{Cite book |title=Essentials of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences |vauthors=Hirshkowitz M |publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-58562-005-0 |veditors=Yudofsky SC, Hales RE |edition=4 |location=Arlington, Virginia, USA |chapter=Chapter 10, Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Sleep and Sleep Disorders (pp 315-340) |quote=...insomnia is a symptom.  It is neither a disease nor a specific condition. (from p. 322). |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XKhu7yb3QtsC&q=%22Max+Hirshkowitz%22&pg=PA315 |chapter-format=Google Books preview includes entire chapter 10}}</ref> which is the most common sleep disorder.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/sleep-disorders/what-are-sleep-disorders| title = APA "What are sleep disorders?" |access-date=2019-06-25 |work=www.psychiatry.org}}</ref> Other sleep disorders include [[sleep apnea]], [[narcolepsy]], [[hypersomnia]] (excessive sleepiness at inappropriate times), [[sleeping sickness]] (disruption of the sleep cycle due to infection), [[sleepwalking]], and [[night terror]]s.

Sleep disruptions can be caused by various issues, including teeth grinding ([[bruxism]]) and night terrors. Managing sleep disturbances that are secondary to mental, medical, or substance abuse disorders should focus on addressing the underlying conditions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sleep Problems and Sleep Disorders|url=https://sleepify.co/sleep-statistics/|access-date=2021-08-24|website=Sleepify|date=26 June 2019 }}</ref>

Sleep disorders are common in both children and adults.  <!-- what are “primary sleep disorders?” --> However, there is a significant lack of awareness about sleep disorders in children, with many cases remaining unidentified.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Meltzer LJ, Johnson C, Crosette J, Ramos M, Mindell JA | title = Prevalence of diagnosed sleep disorders in pediatric primary care practices | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 125 | issue = 6 | pages = e1410–e1418 | date = June 2010 | pmid = 20457689 | pmc = 3089951 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2009-2725 }}</ref> Several common factors involved in the onset of a sleep disorder include increased medication use, age-related changes in circadian rhythms, environmental changes, lifestyle changes,<ref name="Roepke, S. K. 2010">Roepke, S. K., & Ancoli-Israel, S. (2010). Sleep disorders in the elderly. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 131, 302–310.</ref> pre-diagnosed physiological problems, or stress. Among the elderly, the risk of developing sleep-disordered breathing, periodic limb movements, [[restless legs syndrome]], REM sleep behavior disorders, insomnia, and circadian rhythm disturbances is especially high.<ref name="Roepke, S. K. 2010" />