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{{short description|Suborder of birds}} {{Other uses}} {{redirect|Passeri|the surname|Passeri (surname)}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Songbird | fossil_range = [[Early Eocene]] to present {{Fossil range|56|0}} | image = Eopsaltria australis - Mogo Campground.jpg | image_caption = [[Eastern yellow robin]] (''Eopsaltria australis'') | image2 = Spizella passerina vocalizations - pone.0027052.s005.oga | image2_caption = Song of a [[chipping sparrow]] (''Spizella passerina'') | taxon = Passeri | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 | subdivision_ranks = Clades | subdivision = [[Menuridae]]<br> [[Atrichornithidae]]<br> [[Climacteridae]]<br> [[Ptilonorhynchidae]]<br> [[Maluridae]]<br> [[Meliphagidae]]<br> [[Dasyornithidae]]<br> [[Pardalotidae]]<br> [[Acanthizidae]]<br> [[Pomatostomidae]]<br> [[Orthonychidae]]<br> [[Cnemophilidae]]<br> [[Melanocharitidae]]<br> [[Callaeidae]]<br> [[Notiomystidae]]<br> [[Corvides]]<br> [[Passerida]] | synonyms = See text }} A '''songbird''' is a [[bird]] belonging to the [[suborder]] '''Passeri''' of the perching birds ([[Passerine|Passeriformes]]). Another name that is sometimes seen as the scientific or vernacular name is '''Oscines''', from [[Latin]] ''oscen'', "songbird". The Passeriformes contains 5,000 or so species<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite book |doi=10.14344/IOC.ML.5.1 |title=IOC World Bird List 5.1 }}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">Edwards, Scott V. and John Harshman. 2013. Passeriformes. Perching Birds, Passerine Birds. Version 06 February 2013 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Passeriformes/15868/2013.02.06 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031040714/http://tolweb.org/Passeriformes/15868/2013.02.06 |date=2022-10-31 }} in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/[Accessed{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 2017/12/11].</ref> found all over the world, in which the [[Syrinx (bird anatomy)|vocal organ]] typically is developed in such a way as to produce a diverse and elaborate [[bird song]]. Songbirds form one of the two major lineages of extant perching birds (~4,000 species), the other being the [[Tyranni]] (~1,000 species), which are most diverse in the [[Neotropics]] and absent from many parts of the world.<ref name="autogenerated2"/> The Tyranni have a simpler [[Syrinx (bird anatomy)|syrinx]] musculature, and while their vocalizations are often just as complex and striking as those of songbirds, they are altogether more mechanical sounding. There is a third perching bird lineage, the [[Acanthisitti]] of [[New Zealand]], of which only two species remain alive today.<ref name=pmid15263073>{{cite journal |doi=10.1073/pnas.0401892101 |jstor=3372849 |pmid=15263073 |pmc=503738 |title=Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=101 |issue=30 |pages=11040β5 |year=2004 |last1=Barker |first1=F. K |last2=Cibois |first2=A |last3=Schikler |first3=P |last4=Feinstein |first4=J |last5=Cracraft |first5=J |bibcode=2004PNAS..10111040B |doi-access=free }}</ref> Recent estimates indicate that songbirds originated 50 million years ago.<ref name=ClaramuntCracraft2015>{{cite journal |last1=Claramunt |first1=S. |last2=Cracraft |first2=J. |title=A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds |journal=Science Advances |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=11 |pages=e1501005 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1501005|pmid=26824065 |pmc=4730849 |bibcode=2015SciA....1E1005C }}</ref> The distribution of their basal lineages suggest that their origin and initial diversification occurred exclusively in the [[Australian continent]] and only about 40 million years ago, oscines started to colonize [[Eurasia]], [[Africa]], and eventually the [[Americas]].<ref name=Low>{{Citation | last1 = Low | first1 = T. | title = Where Song Began: Australia's Birds and How They Changed the World | publisher = Penguin Australia | place = Tyre | year = 2014 }}{{page needed|date=December 2017}}</ref><ref name=ClaramuntCracraft2015/><ref name=Ascent>{{cite book |last= Reilly |first= John |date= 2018 |title= The Ascent of Birds |publisher= Pelagic Publishing |page= 182 |isbn= 978-1-78427-203-6}}</ref>
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