Editing Sovietization (section)

{{Short description|Adoption of Soviet political system and mentality}}
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[[File:Latvijas PSR Drāmatiskais teātris. 1940.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Latvian National Theatre]] decorated with Soviet symbols ([[hammer and sickle]], [[red star]], [[Red flag (politics)|red flags]] and a double portrait of [[Vladimir Lenin]] and [[Joseph Stalin]]) after the [[Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940|Soviet occupation in 1940]]. The text on top reads "Long live the USSR!"]]
'''Sovietization''' ({{langx|ru|советизация|sovyetizatsiya}} {{IPA|ru|səvʲɪtʲɪˈzat͡sɨjə|}}) is the adoption of a political system based on the model of [[Soviet (council)|soviets]] (workers' councils) or the adoption of a way of life, mentality, and culture modeled after the [[Soviet Union]]. This often included adopting the [[Cyrillic script]] and sometimes also the [[Russian language]].

A notable wave of Sovietization (in the second meaning) occurred during the [[Russian Civil War]] in the territories captured by the [[Red Army]]. Later, the territories occupied by the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]] and the USSR were Sovietized. [[Mongolia]] was conquered by the Soviet Union and Sovietized in the 1920s, and after the end of the [[World War II|Second World War]], Sovietization took place in the countries of the [[Eastern Bloc|Soviet Bloc]] ([[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Central Europe]]: Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, the Baltic states, etc.).<ref>''С. Кульчицький''. Радянська влада // Політична енциклопедія.&nbsp;— p.620</ref><ref>''С. Кульчицький''. Радянський комунізм // Політична енциклопедія.&nbsp;— p.621</ref> In a broad sense, it included the creation of Soviet-style authorities, new elections held by Bolshevik party members with opposition parties being restricted, the nationalization of private land and property, and the repression against representatives of "[[Enemy of the people|class enemies]]" ([[kulak]]s, or ''[[osadnik]]s'', for instance). Mass executions and imprisoning in [[Gulag]] [[labor camp]]s and [[Special settlements in the Soviet Union|exile settlements]] often accompany that process. This was usually promoted and sped up by [[Propaganda in the Soviet Union|propaganda]] aimed at creating a common way of life in all states within the [[Soviet Empire|Soviet sphere of influence]]. In modern history, Sovietization refers to the copying of models of Soviet life (the cult of the leader's personality, collectivist ideology, mandatory participation in propaganda activities, etc.).<ref>{{cite book|title =Demography and National Security|year=2001|editor=[[Myron Weiner]], Sharon Stanton Russell|pages=308–315|chapter=Stalinist Forced Relocation Policies|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J9nuv7MGQ5MC&q=Sovietization&pg=PA309|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=1-57181-339-X}}</ref><ref>Совєтизація&nbsp;// Українська мала енциклопедія&nbsp;: 16 кн.&nbsp;: у&nbsp;8&nbsp;т.&nbsp;/ проф. Є. Онацький.&nbsp;— Накладом Адміністратури УАПЦ в Аргентині.&nbsp;— Буенос-Айрес, 1965.&nbsp;— Т.&nbsp;7, [http://encyclopedia.kiev.ua/vydaniya/files/use/third_book/part3.pdf кн.&nbsp;XIV&nbsp;: Літери Сен&nbsp;—&nbsp;Сті].&nbsp;— С.&nbsp;1717—1844.&nbsp;— {{nowrap|1000 екз.}}</ref><ref>[http://www.shynok.com.ua/rosija/myc/2400-rad.html Про радянізацію]{{dead link|date=July 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref>

In a narrow sense, the term ''Sovietization'' is often applied to mental and social changes within the population of the Soviet Union and its [[Satellite state|satellites]],<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Józef Tischner]]|title=Etyka solidarności oraz Homo sovieticus|year=2005|publisher=Znak|location=Kraków|isbn=83-240-0588-9|page =295|language=pl}}</ref> which led to creation of the ''[[new Soviet man]]'' (according to its supporters) or ''[[Homo Sovieticus]]'' (according to its critics).<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Aleksandr Zinovyev]]|title=Homo sovieticus|year=1986|publisher=Grove/Atlantic|isbn=0-87113-080-7}}</ref><ref>Барташук Олеся [http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/soc_gum/Mandriv/2008_7/Bartashuk.pdf Наслідки запровадження радянської обрядовості (60–80-і рр. ХХ ст.): аналіз історико-етнографічних матеріалів календарного циклу Хмельницького Поділля] // [http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/soc_gum/Mandriv/ Мандрівець Науковий журнал].&nbsp;— [http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/soc_gum/Mandriv/2008_7/index.htm 2008, No.&nbsp;7]</ref>