Editing Spanish protectorate in Morocco (section)

{{Short description|1912–1956 protectorate in northwest Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name            = {{native name|es|Protectorado español en Marruecos}}<br />{{native name|ar|الحماية الإسبانية في المغرب}}
| conventional_long_name = Spanish protectorate in Morocco
| common_name            = Spanish Morocco
| era                    = [[Interwar period]]
| status                 = [[Spain|Spanish]] [[protectorate]]
| empire                 = Spain
| life_span              = 1912–1956
| event_start            = [[Treaty Between France and Spain Regarding Morocco|Treaty of Madrid]]
| year_start             = 1912
| date_start             = 27 November
| event_end              = Retroceded to [[Morocco]]
| year_end               = 1956
| date_end               = 7 April
| event1                 = [[Rif War]]
| date_event1            = June 1921 – May 1926
| event2                 = [[Tangier Protocol]]
| event3                 = [[July 1936 military uprising in Melilla|Nationalist uprising]]
| date_event3            = July 1936
| event4                 = [[Spanish occupation of Tangier (1940–1945)|Occupation of Tangier]]
| date_event4            = June 1940 – October 1945
| image_flag             = Merchant flag of Spanish Morocco.svg
| flag                   = Flag of Morocco
| flag_type              = Merchant Ensign
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Morocco (Protectorate).svg
| symbol_type_article    = Coat of arms of Morocco
| coa_size               = 
| national_anthem        = [[Marcha Real]]<br/><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:National Anthem of Spain.ogg]]</div>
| anthem                 = {{native name|es|[[Marcha Real]]|icon=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1997/10/11/pdfs/A29594-29600.pdf|title=Real Decreto 1560/1997, de 10 de octubre, por el que se regula el Himno Nacional|author=Presidency of the Government|work=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]] núm. 244|date=11 October 1997|language=es|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034615/http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1997/10/11/pdfs/A29594-29600.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015|author-link=Government of Spain}}</ref><br />(English: "Royal March")<br /> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:Himno Nacional de España.ogg]]}}</div>
| image_map              = Protectorado español en Marruecos.svg
| image_map_caption      = Map of the protectorate's northern zone (''Spanish Morocco'' proper) and southern zone ([[Cape Juby]])
| image_map_size         = 288px
| image_map2             = Morocco-spanish-protectorate-1955-a.svg
| image_map2_caption     = Map of the northern zone in 1956
| image_map2_size        = 288px
| capital                = [[Tétouan|Tetuán]]
| common_languages       = [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (official)<br/>[[Berber languages|Berber]]<br/>[[Arabic]]<br/>[[Tetuani Ladino|Tetuani]] or [[Haketia]]
| religion               = [[Islam in Morocco|Islam]] (majority)<br/>[[Catholic Church in Morocco|Catholicism]]<br/>[[Moroccan Jews|Judaism]]
| government_type        = [[Absolute monarchy]]<br/>(under [[protectorate]])
| established_event2     = 18 December 1923
| title_leader           = [[List of rulers of Morocco|Sultan]]
| leader1                = [[Yusef of Morocco|Yusef]]
| year_leader1           = 1912–1927
| leader2                = [[Mohammed V of Morocco|Mohammed V]]
| year_leader2           = 1927–1956
| title_representative   = [[List of Spanish high commissioners in Morocco|High Commissioner]]
| representative1        = {{nowrap|[[Felipe Alfau Mendoza]]}}
| year_representative1   = 1913 (first)
| representative2        = [[Rafael García Valiño]]
| year_representative2   = 1951–1956 (last)
| currency               = [[Spanish peseta]]
| p1                     = Alawi Sultanate
| flag_p1                = Flag of Morocco (1666–1915).svg
| s1                     = Morocco{{!}}{{nobr|Kingdom of Morocco}}
| flag_s1                = Flag of Morocco.svg
}}

The '''Spanish protectorate in Morocco'''{{efn|{{langx|ar|حماية إسبانيا في المغرب|links=no}} {{lang|ar-Latn|Ḥimāyat Isbāniyā fi-l-Mağrib}}; {{langx|es|Protectorado español de Marruecos|links=no}}, {{IPA|es|pɾoteɣtoˈɾaðo espaˈɲol de maˈrwekos|-|ES-pe - Protectorado español de Marruecos.ogg}}}} was established on 27 November 1912 by [[Treaty Between France and Spain Regarding Morocco|a treaty between France and Spain]]<ref name="AJIL1">{{cite journal |title=Treaty Between France and Spain Regarding Morocco |journal=The American Journal of International Law |volume=7 |number=2 [Supplement: Official Documents] |year=1913 |pages=81–99 |doi=10.2307/2212275|jstor=2212275 |s2cid=246007581}}</ref> that converted the Spanish sphere of influence in [[Morocco]] into a formal [[protectorate]].

The Spanish protectorate consisted of a northern strip on the Mediterranean and the [[Strait of Gibraltar]], and a southern part of the protectorate{{Sfn|Vilar|2005|p=143}} around [[Cape Juby]], bordering the [[Spanish Sahara]]. The northern zone became part of independent [[Morocco]] on 7 April 1956, shortly after France [[French protectorate in Morocco|relinquished its protectorate]]. Spain finally ceded its southern zone through the [[Treaty of Angra de Cintra]] on 1 April 1958, after the short [[Ifni War]].{{sfn|Gangas Geisse|Santis Arenas|2011|p=3}} The city of [[Tangier]] was excluded from the Spanish protectorate and received a special internationally controlled status as [[Tangier International Zone]].

Since France already held a protectorate over most of the country and had controlled Morocco's foreign affairs since 30 March 1912, it also held the power to delegate a zone to Spanish protection.{{sfn|Woolman|1968|pp=14–16}} 

The surface area of the Protectorate was about {{convert|20,000|km2|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ramiro de la Mata |first=Javier |date=2008 |title=España y el Protectorado en Marruecos: Aproximación a un proceso colonial |url=https://revistas.um.es/analeshc/article/download/54051/52071/229361#:~:text=El%20Protectorado%20espa%C3%B1ol%20de%20Marruecos,someter%20a%20su%20habitantes%20eran |journal=Anales de Historia Contemporánea |issue=24 |pages=291-309}}</ref>